the heir-evidence through the bequest of his emancipation alone. The Qadi and the companions of al-Shafi'i mentioned that only two-thirds of him are emancipated; because when Salim was emancipated by the testimony of the two strangers, he became like stolen property, so Ganim became half of the estate, thus two-thirds of him are emancipated, which is one-third of the estate. To us, the heirs admit that at the time of death, he is one-third of the estate, and that the emancipation of Salim was only by their testimony after death, so he became like property stolen after death. If property were stolen after death, it would not prevent the emancipation of the whole of Ganim; likewise is the testimony of his emancipation. The Qadi has mentioned, regarding when upright evidence testifies to the emancipation of Salim during his illness, and corrupt heirs testify to the emancipation of Ganim during his illness, and that he did not emancipate Salim, that the whole of Ganim is emancipated. This is similar to it. As for if Ganim's value is less than Salim's value, the heir is accused, because she is returning to slavery one whose value is greater, so her testimony regarding the revocation is rejected, just as her testimony regarding the revocation of a bequest is rejected, and Salim is emancipated, and the whole of Ganim is emancipated, or two-thirds of what remains, according to the disagreement we mentioned regarding if she were corrupt. If the heirs did not testify to the revocation of Salim's emancipation, but testified to the bequest of Ganim's emancipation, and it is upright evidence, then both bequests are established, whether their values are equal or different; they are emancipated if they are within the third. If they are not within the third, lots are drawn between them, so the one for whom the lot is drawn is emancipated, and the remainder of the third is emancipated from the other, whether one of the two bequests preceded the other or they were equal; because earlier and later bequests are the same.
Section: If upright evidence testifies that he bequeathed one-third of his wealth to Zayd, and another piece of evidence testifies that he revoked the bequest to Zayd and bequeathed one-third of his wealth to 'Amr, and a third piece of evidence testifies that he revoked
(98) In M: "al-waratha". (99) In M: "u'tiqa". (100) In M: "al-wiratha". (101) In the original: "shahadatuhuma". (102) In A, B, and M: "fi al-ruju'". (103) In A: "shahadatuhuma". (104) The word "yu'taq" is missing from M. (105) In M: "thuluthahu wa-huwa thuluth". (106) In the original: "ikhtilaf". (107) Missing from the original, A, and B.
الوارِثَةِ (٩٨) بالوَصِيَّة بإعْتَاقِه وَحْدَه. وذَكَرَ القاضى، وأصْحابُ الشَّافِعِىِّ، أَنَّه إنَّما يَعْتِقُ ثُلثاه؛ لأنَّه لمَّا عَتَقَ (٩٩) سالمٌ بشهادَةِ الأجْنَبِيَّيْن، صارَ كالمَغْصُوبِ، فصارَ غانمٌ نِصْفَ التَّركِةِ، فيَعْتِقُ ثُلثاه، وهو ثُلثُ التَّركِةِ. ولَنا، أَنَّ الوارِثَةَ (١٠٠) تُقِرُّ بأنَّه حينَ المَوْتِ ثُلثُ التَّرِكَةِ، وأنَّ عِتْقَ سالمٍ إنَّما كان بشهادَتِهما بعدَ المَوْتِ، فصارَ كالمَغْصُوبِ بعدَ المَوْتِ، ولو غُصِبَ بعدَ المَوْتِ، لم يَمْنَع عِتْقَ غانمٍ كُلَّه، فكذلك الشَّهادَةُ بعِتْقِه. وقد ذَكَر القاضى، فيما إذا شَهِدَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ عادِلةٌ بإعْتاقِ سَالمٍ فى مَرَضِه، ووَارِثةٌ فَاسِقَةٌ بإعْتاقِ غانمٍ فى مَرَضِه، وأنَّه لم يُعْتِقْ سَالِمًا، أَنَّ غانِمًا يَعْتِقُ كُلُّه. وهذا مثلُه. فأمَّا إِنْ كانتْ قِيمَةُ غانمٍ أقَلَّ من قِيمَةٍ سَالمٍ، فالوَارِثةُ مُتَّهَمَةٌ؛ لكَوْنِها تَرُدُّ إلى الرِّقِّ مَنْ كَثُرَتْ قيمتُه، فتُرَدُّ شهادَتُها (١٠١) بالرُّجُوعِ (١٠٢)، كما تُرَدُّ شهادَتُها (١٠٣) بالرُّجُوعِ عن الوَصِيَّةِ، ويَعْتِقُ سَالمٌ، ويعْتِقُ (١٠٤) غانم كُلُّه، أو ثُلثَا (١٠٥) الباقى، على ما ذَكَرْنا من الاخْتِلافِ (١٠٦) فيما إذا كانتْ فاسِقَةً. فإنْ لم تَشْهَدِ الوَارِثَةُ بالرُّجُوعِ عن عِتْقِ سالمٍ، لكن شَهِدتْ بالوَصِيَّةِ بِعِتْقِ غانِمٍ، وهى بَيِّنَةٌ عَادِلَةٌ، ثبتَتِ الوَصِيَّتَان، سَوَاءٌ كانتْ قِيمَتُهما سَواءً، أو مُخْتَلِفةً، فيَعْتِقَان (١٠٧) إِنْ خَرَجَا من الثُّلثِ، وإِنْ لم يخْرُجَا من الثُّلثِ، أُقْرِعَ بينهما، فيَعْتِقُ مَنْ خَرَجَتْ له القُرْعَةُ، ويَعْتِقُ تَمامُ الثُّلثِ من الآخَرِ، سَواءٌ تقَدَّمتْ إحْدَى الوَصِيَّتَيْن على الأُخْرَى أو اسْتَوَتَا؛ لأنَّ المُتَقَدِّمَ والمُتَأَخِّرَ من الوَصَايا سَواءٌ.
فصل: ولو شَهِدَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ عادِلَةٌ، أنَّه وَصَّى لزيدٍ بثُلثِ مالِه، وشَهِدَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ أُخْرَى أَنَّه رَجَعَ عن الوَصِيَّةِ لزيدٍ، ووَصَّى لعمرٍو بثُلثِ مالِه، وشَهِدَتْ بَيِّنَةٌ ثَالِثَةٌ، أنَّه رَجَعَ عن
(٩٨) فى م: "الورثة".(٩٩) فى م: "أعتق".(١٠٠) فى م: "الوراثة".(١٠١) فى الأصل: "شهادتهما".(١٠٢) فى أ، ب، م: "فى الرجوع".(١٠٣) فى أ: "شهادتهما".(١٠٤) سقطت: "يعتق" من: م.(١٠٥) فى م: "ثلثاه وهو ثلث".(١٠٦) فى الأصل: "اختلاف".(١٠٧) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.