The revocation is only established through a witness and an oath, as the objective of it is wealth. This is the school of al-Shafi'i. And Allah knows best.
1938 - Issue: He said: (If a house were in his possession, and a man claimed it, and he [the possessor] acknowledged it to be for someone else, then if the one for whom it was acknowledged is present, he is made the adversary regarding it. If he is absent, and the claimant has evidence, judgment is passed regarding it for the claimant based on his evidence, and the absent party remains [liable] for his litigation whenever he arrives.)
Its summary is that if a person claims a house in the possession of another, and the one in whose possession it is says: "It is not mine; it is only for so-and-so." If the one for whom it was acknowledged is present, he is asked about that; if he confirms it, he becomes the adversary regarding it, and he is treated as the possessor. This is because the one in whose possession it was acknowledged that his possession acts on behalf of the other's possession, and a person's acknowledgment regarding what is in his possession is a valid acknowledgment, so he becomes an adversary to the claimant. If the claimant has evidence, judgment is passed in his favor. If he has no evidence, then the statement is that of the defendant [the possessor] along with his oath. If the claimant says: "Make the acknowledger, in whose possession the object was, swear to me that he does not know it belongs to me," he is obligated to take an oath; because if he had acknowledged it for him [after his previous acknowledgment], he would be liable for damages, just as if he said: "This object belongs to Zayd," then said: "It belongs to 'Amr," it is surrendered to Zayd, and he pays the value to 'Amr. Whoever is liable for damages upon acknowledgment is liable for an oath upon denial. If the person for whom the acknowledgment was made rejects it and says: "It is not mine, it is rather for the claimant," judgment is passed in his favor. If he does not say: "It is for the claimant," but says: "It is not mine," then if the claimant has evidence, judgment is passed in his favor, and if he has no evidence, there are two views; one of them is that it is surrendered to the claimant, because
(1) In A: "kanat". (2) Missing from: B. (3) Missing from: A, B. (4) In B: "fa-innahu". (5) Missing from: The original, A, B. (6) In M: "wa-yadfa'u". (7) In B: "al-qimah". (8) In B: "al-imkan".
وإنَّما يثْبُتُ الرُّجوعُ، وهو يثْبُتُ بالشَّاهِدِ واليَمِينِ؛ لأنَّ المَقْصُودَ به المالُ. وهذا مذهبُ الشَّافِعِىِّ. واللَّهُ أعْلَمُ.
١٩٣٨ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَلَوْ كَانَ (١) فِى يَدهِ دَارٌ، فَادَّعَاهَا رَجُلٌ، فَأَقَرَّ بِهَا لِغيْرِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُقَرُّ لَهُ بِهَا (٢) حَاضِرًا، جُعِلَ الخَصْمَ فِيهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَائِبًا، وَكَانَتْ لِلْمُدَّعِى بَيِّنَةٌ، حُكِمَ بِهَا لِلْمُدَّعِى بِبَيِّنَتِه، وَكَانَ الغائِب عَلَى خصُومَتِهِ مَتَى حَضرَ)
وجملتُه أَنَّ الإِنسانَ إِذَا ادَّعَى دَارًا فى يدِ غيرِه، فقال الذى هى فى يَدِه: ليستْ لى، إنَّما هى لفلانٍ. وكان المُقَرُّ له بها حاضِرًا، سُئِلَ عن ذلك، فإنْ صَدَّقَه، صارَ الخَصْمَ فيها، وكان صاحِبَ اليَدِ؛ لأنَّ مَنْ هى فى يَدِه اعْتَرَفَ أَنَّ يدَه نائِبَةٌ عن يَدِه، وإقْرَارُ الإِنْسانِ بما فى يَدِه إقْرَارٌ صَحيحٌ، فيصيرُ خَصْمًا للمُدَّعِى، فإنْ كانتْ للمُدَّعِى بَيِّنَةٌ، حُكِمَ له بها، وإِنْ لم تَكُنْ له بَيِّنَةٌ، فاِلقَوْلُ قولُ المُدَّعَى عليْه مع يَمِينِه. وإِنْ قال المُدَّعِى: أحْلِفُوا لى (٣) المُقِرَّ الذى كانتِ العَيْنُ فى يَدِه، أنَّه لا يَعْلَمُ أنَّها لى. فعليه اليَمِينُ؛ لأنَّه (٤) لو أَقَرَّ له بها [بعدَ اعْتِرَافِه] (٥)، لَزِمَه الغُرْمُ، كما لو قال: هذه العَيْنُ لزيدٍ. ثمَّ قال: هى لعمرٍو. فإنَّها تُدْفَعُ إلى زيدٍ، ويَغْرَمُ (٦) قِيمتَها لعمرٍو. ومَنْ لَزِمَه الغُرْمُ مع الإِقْرَارِ، لَزِمَتْه اليَمِينُ (٧) مع الإِنْكارِ (٨)، فإنْ رَدَّ المُقَرُّ له الإِقْرَارَ، وقال: ليْسَتْ لى، وإنَّما هى للمُدَّعِى. حُكِمَ له بها. وإِنْ لم يَقُلْ: هى للمُدَّعِى، ولكن قال: ليستْ لى. فإنْ كانتْ للمُدَّعِى بَيِّنَةٌ، حُكِمَ له بها، وإِنْ لم تَكُنْ له بَيِّنَةٌ، ففيه وَجْهَان؛ أحدُهما، تُدْفَعُ إلى المُدَّعِى؛ لأنَّه
(١) فى أ: "كانت".(٢) سقط من: ب.(٣) سقط من: أ، ب.(٤) فى ب: "فإنه".(٥) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.(٦) فى م: "ويدفع".(٧) فى ب: "القيمة".(٨) فى ب: "الإمكان".