but they differ over an item, neither of them is prioritized due to the suitability of the disputed item for him, as we mentioned regarding the spouses, and that is treated like a dispute between two strangers.
Section: If the lessor and the lessee differ over something in the house, you should examine it; if it is of the type that is transported and moved, such as furniture, vessels, and books, it belongs to the lessee, because the custom is that a person leases his house empty of his personal belongings and household goods. If it is something that follows the house in a sale, such as installed doors, buried large jars, nailed-down shelves, nailed-down ladders, keys, an installed handmill, and its lower stone, then it belongs to the lessor, because it is among the attachments of the house, so it resembles a tree planted in it. If the shelves are placed upon pegs, Ahmad said: If they differ over the shelves, they belong to the owner of the house. The literal meaning of this is generality regarding all shelves. The Qadi said: [Ahmad's words are interpreted as referring to the nailed-down ones; as for the non-nailed-down ones], they are between them if they both swear an oath, because they do not follow [the house] in a sale, so they resemble household goods. This is a manifest argument that supports the lessee, and for the lessor, there is a manifest argument that opposes this, which is that the lessor leaves the shelves in the house and does not remove them from it. So when the two manifest arguments from both sides conflict, they are equal. This is the school of al-Shafi'i. Based on this, if they both swear an oath, the item is between them, and if one of them swears and the other refuses, it belongs to the one who swore. The Qadi mentioned in another place, as did Abu al-Khattab, that if the shelf has a form installed in the house, it belongs to the owner of the house along with his oath, and if it does not have an installed form, they both swear an oath and it is between them; because if it has an installed form in the house, the installed part is an attachment to the house, so it belongs to its owner, and the appearance is that one of the two shelves belongs to whoever owns the other. Likewise, if they differ over a removed door leaf,
(17) Al-Khawabi: large jars. (18) Omitted from: the original; in A, M: "al-mustamirra" (continuous). (19) Omitted from: the original, A, B. (20) In the original, A, B: "hiya" (it is). (21) In B: "yaktari" (he leases). (22) In M: "idha" (if). (23) In A, M: "fal-shakl" (then the form/shape).
لكِنِ اخْتَلَفا فى عَيْنٍ، لم يَرْجُحْ احَدُهما بصَلَاحِيَةِ العَيْنِ المُخْتَلَفِ فيها له، كما ذَكَرْنَا فى الزَّوْجَيْنِ، ويَكونُ ذلك كتَنازُعِ الأَجْنَبِيَّيْنِ.
فصل: وإذا اخْتَلَفَ المُكْرِى والمُكْتَرِى فى شىءٍ فى الدَّارِ، نَظَرْتَ؛ فإنْ كان مِمَّا يُنْقَلُ وَيُحَوَّلُ؛ كالْأثاثِ، والْأَوَانِى، والْكُتُبِ، فهو لِلْمُكْتَرِى؛ لِأنَّ العادَةَ أَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ يُكْرِى دَارَهُ فَارِغَةً مِنْ رَحْلِهِ وقُماشِهِ، وِإنْ كان فى شَىْءٍ مِمَّا يَتْبَعُ فى الْبَيْعِ؛ كالأبْوَابِ المَنْصُوَبةِ، والخَوَابِى (١٧) المَدْفُونَةِ، والرُّفُوفِ الْمُسَمَّرَةِ، والسَّلَالِيمِ المُسَمَّرةِ (١٨)، والْمَفَاتيحِ، والرَّحَا المَنْصُوَبةِ، وحَجَرِهَا التَّحْتَانِىِّ، فهو للمُكْرِى، لِأنَّه مِنْ تَوَابِعِ الدَّارِ، فأشْبَهَ الشَّجَرَةَ المَغْرُوسَةَ فيها. وإِنْ كانتِ الرُّفُوفُ مَوْضُوعَةً على أوْتادٍ، فقال أحمدُ: إذا اخْتَلَفا فى الرُّفُوفِ، فهى لِصاحِبِ الدَّارِ. فظاهِرُ هذا الْعُمُومُ فى الرُّفوفِ كُلِّها. وقَال القاضى: [كلامُ أحْمَدَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى الْمُسَمَّرَةِ، فَأمَّا غَيْرُ المُسَمَّرَةِ] (١٩) فهى (٢٠) بيْنَهُما إذا تَحالَفَا؛ لِأنَّها لا تَتْبَعُ فى البَيْعِ، فَأشْبَهَتِ القُماشَ. وهذا ظاهِرٌ يَشْهَدُ للمُكْتَرِى، ولِلْمُكْرِى ظَاهِرٌ يُعارِضُ هذا، وهو أَنَّ المُكْرِىَ يَتْرُكُ (٢١) الرُّفُوفَ فى الدَّارِ، ولا ينْقُلُها عنها، فإذا تَعارَضَ الظَّاهِرَانِ مِن الجَانِبَيْنِ، اسْتَوَيا. وهذا مذهبُ الشَّافِعِىِّ. فعلى هذا، إِنْ (٢٢) تَحَالَفَا، كانتْ بينهما، وإِنْ حَلَفَ أَحَدُهما، ونَكَلَ الآخَرُ، فهى لِمَنْ حَلَفَ. وذَكَرَ القاضى فى مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وأبو الْخطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ إِنْ كان لِلرَّفِّ شَكْلٌ مَنْصُوبٌ فى الدَّارِ، فهو لِصاحِبِ الدَّارِ مع يَمينِهِ، وإِنْ لم يكُنْ له شَكْلٌ مَنْصوبٌ تَحَالَفَا، وكان بَيْنَهما؛ لأنَّه إذا كان له شَكْلٌ مَنْصوبٌ فى الدَّارِ؛ فالمَنْصُوبُ (٢٣) تابعٌ لِلدَّارِ، فهو لِصاحِبِها، والظَّاهِرُ أَنَّ أحَدَ الرَّفَّيْنِ لِمَنْ له الآخرُ، وكذلك إِنِ اخْتَلَفا فى مِصْرَاعِ بابٍ
(١٧) الخوابى: الجرار العظيمة.(١٨) سقط من: الأصل، وفى أ، م: "المستمرة".(١٩) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.(٢٠) فى الأصل، أ، ب: "هى".(٢١) فى ب: "يكترى".(٢٢) فى م: "إذا".(٢٣) فى أ، م: "فالشكل".
