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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 14 · صفحة 376فصل

الترجمة · EN

and if we say: he has no right to accept it, but he accepts it nonetheless, it is possible that the acceptance is not valid, because he has performed an act that the Sharia did not authorize for him, so it resembles the case where he sells his property at a loss. It is also possible that it is valid, and the liability rests upon him, because he imposed this liability upon him, so it is his responsibility, like the expenses of Hajj if he causes him to perform it.

Section: If he sells a slave who is his blood relative and a third party in a single transaction, the entire slave becomes free if the blood relative is wealthy, and he must guarantee the value of the share [of the slave] to his partner. Abu Hanifa said: He does not guarantee anything to his partner, because his ownership is not complete except with the acceptance of his partner, so it is as if he had permitted him to emancipate his share. Our argument is that his share became free upon his ownership through his own choice, so it is mandatory that the remainder be valued against him along with his wealth, just as if he had purchased him individually. We do not concede that his acceptance is not valid without the acceptance of his partner.

Section: If there is a married bondswoman who has a wealthy son, and he and her husband purchase her while she is pregnant by him in a single transaction, the son's share of his mother becomes free, and it spreads to the husband's share, and it is valued against him. The fetus becomes free upon them both together, because it is the son of the husband and the brother of the son, and neither of them owes the other anything for it, because it became free upon both of them at the same moment. If the situation were the same and she was gifted to them, or bequeathed to them, and they both accepted her at the same moment, then the same rule applies. If one of them accepted her before the other, we must look: if the son accepted first, the mother and her fetus become free upon him; [his share of the mother by ownership, followed by his share of the fetus, and the emancipation spreads to the remainder] [of the mother and the child], and he is liable for the value of their remainder to the husband. If the husband accepted first, the entire fetus becomes free upon him; [his share by ownership, and the remainder by spread, and it was valued against him]. Then, if the son accepts, the entire mother becomes free upon him,

الحواشي

(21) Omitted from: M. (22) In the original, B, M: "hajjuhu". (23) In the original: "rahm". (24) In B, M: "mu'siran". (25) In B, M: "al-Qadi". (26) In A, B, M: "lam". (27) Omitted from: the original. (28) In A, M: "wa-akh". (29) In M: "halatan". (30) Omitted from: B. (31) Omitted from: the original, A, B.

العربية (المصدر)

يَقْبَلَه. فقَبِلَه، احْتَملَ أَن لا يَصِحَّ القَبولُ؛ لأَنَّه فَعَلَ ما لم يَأْذَنْ له (٢١) الشَّرْعُ فيه، فأشْبَهَ ما لو باع مالَه بِغَبْنٍ. واحْتَمَلَ أَنْ يَصِحَّ، وتكونَ الغَرامَةُ عليه؛ لأَنَّه ألْزَمَه هذه الغَرامَةَ، فكانتْ عليه، كنَفَقَةِ الحَجِّ إِذا أحَجَّهُ (٢٢).

فصل: وإذا باع عَبْدًا لِذِى رَحِمِه وأَجْنَبِىٍّ صَفْقَةً واحِدَةً، عَتَقَ كُلُّه، إذا كان ذو الرَّحِمِ (٢٣) مُوسِرًا (٢٤)، وضَمِنَ لشَريكِهٌ قيمةَ حَقِّهِ منه. وقال أبو حنيفةَ (٢٥): لا يَضْمَنُ لِشَريكِه شيئًا؛ لأنَّ مِلْكَه لا (٢٦) يَتِمُّ إِلَّا بقَبولِ شَريكِه، فصار كأنَّه أذِنَ له فى إعْتاقِ نَصيبِه. ولَنا، أنَّه عَتَقَ عليه نَصِيبُه بِمِلْكِه بِاخْتيارِه، فوَجَبَ أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ عليه باقِيه مع يَسارِه، كما لو انْفَرَدَ بِشِرائِه، ولا نُسَلِّمُ أنَّه لا يَصِحُّ قَبولُه إِلَّا بِقَبولِ شَريكِه.

فصل: وإذا كانتْ أمَةً مُزَوَّجَةً، ولها ابنٌ مُوسِرٌ، فاشْتَراها هو وَزَوْجُها وهى حامِلٌ منه (٢٧)، صَفْقَةً واحِدَةً، عَتَقَ نَصِيبُ الابْنِ مِن أُمِّه، وسَرَى إِلى نصيبِ الزَّوْجِ، ويُقوَّمُ عليه، وعَتَقَ الحَمْلُ عليهما معًا؛ لأَنَّه ابنُ الزَّوْجِ وأخُو (٢٨) الابْنِ، ولا يَجِبُ لأحدِهما على الآخَرِ شىءٌ مِنه؛ لأَنَّه عَتَقَ عليهما فى حَالٍ واحدةٍ. ولو كانتِ المسْألةُ بِحَالِها، فوُهِبَتْ لهما، أو أُوصِىَ لهما بها، فقَبِلاها فى حالٍ (٢٩) واحدةٍ، فكذلك، وإِنْ قَبِلَها أحدُهما قبلَ الآخَرِ، نَظَرْنا؛ فإِنْ قَبِلَ الابْنُ أوَّلًا، عَتَقَتْ عليه الأُمُّ وحَمْلُها؛ [حِصَّتُه من الأُمِّ بِالمِلْكِ، وتَبِعَها حِصَّتُهُ مِنَ الحملِ، وسَرَى العِتْقُ إلى الباقى] (٣٠) [مِن الأُمِّ والوَلَدِ] (٣١)، وعليه قيمةُ بَاقِيهما للزَّوْج. وإن قَبِل الزَّوْجُ أوَّلًا، عَتَقَ عليه الحَمْلُ كُلُّه؛ [نصيبُه بالمِلْكِ، وباقيه بالسِّرايةِ، وقُوِّمَ عليه] (٣٠). ثم إذا قَبِلَ الابنُ، عَتَقَتْ عليه الأُمُّ كُلُّها،

الحواشي

(٢١) سقط من: م.(٢٢) فى الاُصل، ب، م: "حجه".(٢٣) فى الأصل: "رحم".(٢٤) فى ب، م: "معسرا".(٢٥) فى ب، م: "القاضى".(٢٦) فى أ، ب، م: "لم".(٢٧) سقط من: الأصل.(٢٨) فى أ، م: "وأخ".(٢٩) فى م: "حالة".(٣٠) سقط من: ب.(٣١) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.

السابقمجلد 14 · صفحة 376التالي
السابق14·376التالي