injustice and harm, realizing what warrants punishment for him from his Lord, and [invoking] prayer against him by his slaves and his heirs. It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), in the hadith which we mentioned regarding the one who did this, that he said: "Had I witnessed him, he would not have been buried in the graveyards of the Muslims." Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: "In the statement of the Kufans are various types of error and confusion, along with opposition to the established Sunnah." He pointed to what we have mentioned. As for their denial of drawing lots (qur'a), it has appeared in the Book, the Sunnah, and consensus. Allah the Almighty said: "And you were not with them when they cast their pens [to decide] which of them should be the guardian of Mary." And He said: "So he cast lots and was among the losers." As for the Sunnah, Ahmad said: "There are five Sunnahs regarding the drawing of lots; he [the Prophet] drew lots between his wives. And he drew lots regarding six slaves. And he said to two men: 'Cast lots.' And he said: 'The likeness of the one who upholds the limits of Allah and the one who compromises in them is as the likeness of a people who drew lots for a ship.' And he said: 'If the people knew what is in the call [to prayer] and the first row, they would draw lots for it.' In the hadith of al-Zubayr, Safiyyah brought two garments to shroud Hamzah (may Allah be pleased with him) in them, and we found a killed man beside him, so we said: 'A garment for Hamzah, and a garment for the Ansari.' We found one of the two garments was wider than the other, so we drew lots for them, then we shrouded each one in the garment that fell to him. People contested the adhan on the day of al-Qadisiyyah, so Sa'd drew lots between them. Scholars have reached a consensus on its use in division, and I do not know of any disagreement among them that a man may draw lots between
(34) Reported by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on one who emancipates slaves of his for whom the third does not suffice, from the Book of Emancipation. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/353. (35) In B: "the drawing of lots (al-qur'a)". (36) Surah Al 'Imran, 44. (37) Surah al-Saffat, 141. (38) Its authentication has preceded in: 9/430. (39) Its authentication has preceded in: 6/265. (40) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter: Can one draw lots in division and casting lots for it, from the Book of Partnership, and in: Chapter: Drawing lots in problematic issues, from the Book of Testimony, Sahih al-Bukhari 3/182, 237. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter thereof, Ahmad b. Mani' narrated to us... from the Chapters of Tribulations (al-Fitan). 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 9/19. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/268, 270. (41) Its authentication has preceded in: 2/53, 54. (42) Reported by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 1/165. (43) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter: Casting lots for the Adhan, from the Book of Adhan. Sahih al-Bukhari 1/159. And al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter: Casting lots for the Adhan, from the Book of Prayer. al-Sunan al-Kubra 1/428.
الظُّلْمِ والإِضرارِ، وتَحْقيقِ ما يُوجبُ له العِقابَ مِن رَبِّه، والدُّعاءَ عليه مِن عَبِيدِه ووَرَثُتِه. وقد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فى الحديثِ الذى ذَكَرْناه فى حَقِّ الذى فَعَلَ هذا، قال: "لَوْ شَهِدْتُه لَمْ يُدْفنْ فِى مَقَابِرِ الْمُسْلمِينَ" (٣٤). قال ابنُ عبدِ البَرِّ: فى قَوْلِ الكُوفِيِّين ضُروبٌ مِنَ الخطَأ والاضْطِرابِ، مع مُخالَفةِ السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ. وأشارَ إلى ما ذَكَرْناه. وأمَّا إنْكارُهم للقُرْعَةِ (٣٥)، فقد جاءتْ فى الكتابِ والسُّنَّةِ والإِجْماعِ، قال اللَّه تعالى: {وَمَا كُنْتَ لَدَيْهِمْ إِذْ يُلْقُونَ أَقْلَامَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ يَكْفُلُ مَرْيَمَ} (٣٦). وقال تعالى: {فَسَاهَمَ فَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُدْحَضِينَ} (٣٧). وأمَّا السُّنَّةُ، فقال أحمدُ: فى القُرْعَةِ خَمْسُ سُنَنٍ؛ أَقْرَعَ بينَ نِسائِه (٣٨). وأَقْرَعَ فِى سِتَّةِ مَمْلُوكِينَ. وقال لِرَجُلَيْنِ: "اسْتَهِمَا" (٣٩). وقال: "مَثَلُ الْقَائِمِ عَلَى حُدُودِ اللَّهِ والْمُدَاهِنِ فِيهَا، كَمَثَلِ قَوْمٍ اسْتَهَمُوا عَلَى سَفِينَةٍ" (٤٠). وقال: "لَوْ يَعْلَمُ النَّاسُ مَا فِى النِّدَاءِ والصَّفِّ الأَوَّلِ، لَاسْتَهَمُوا عَلَيْهِ" (٤١). وفى حديثِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ صَفِيَّةَ جَاءتْ بِثَوبيْنِ؛ لِيُكَفَّنَ فيهما حَمْزَةُ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، فوَجَدْنا إلى جَنْبه قَتِيلًا، فقُلْنا: لِحمزةَ ثَوْبٌ، ولِلأَنْصَارِىِّ ثَوْبٌ. فَوَجَدْنا أحَدَ الثَّوبيْنِ أوْسَعَ مِنَ الآخَرِ، فَأقْرَعْنَا عَليهما، ثمَّ كَفَّنَّا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ فى الثَّوْبِ الذى صَارَ له (٤٢). وتَشاحَّ النَّاسُ يومَ القَادِسيَّةِ فى الأذَانِ، فأقْرَعَ بينَهم سَعْدٌ (٤٣). وَأَجْمَعَ العُلَماءُ على اسْتِعْمالِها فى القِسْمَةِ، ولا أَعلَمُ بينَهم خِلافًا فى أَنَّ الرجلَ يُقْرِعُ بينَ
(٣٤) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى من أعتق عبيدا له لم يبلغهم الثلث، من كتاب العتاق. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٣٥٣.(٣٥) فى ب: "القرعة".(٣٦) سورة آل عمران ٤٤.(٣٧) سورة الصافات ١٤١.(٣٨) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٩/ ٤٣٠.(٣٩) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٦/ ٢٦٥.(٤٠) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب هل يقرع فى القسمة والاستهام فيه، من كتاب الشركة، وفى: باب القرعة فى المشكلات، من كتاب الشهادات، صحيح البخارى ٣/ ١٨٢، ٢٣٧. والترمذى، فى: باب منه حدثنا أحمد بن منيع. . . من أبواب الفتن. عارضة الأحوذى ٩/ ١٩. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ٢٦٨، ٢٧٠.(٤١) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٢/ ٥٣، ٥٤.(٤٢) أخرجه الإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ١/ ١٦٥.(٤٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الاستهام فى الأذان، من كتاب الأذان. صحيح البخارى ١/ ١٥٩. والبيهقى، فى: باب الاستهام على الأذان، من كتاب الصلاة. السنن الكبرى ١/ ٤٢٨.
