as well, without separation. We have already mentioned what necessitates separation, and in it there is a middle path between the two schools of thought, which is more appropriate, God willing, the Almighty.
Section: If a slave is owned by two partners, and the slave gives one of them fifty dinars on the condition that he emancipate his share of him, and he does so, then he becomes free, and the emancipation extends to the remainder if he (the owner) is wealthy. The other partner may then demand from him half of the fifty and half the value of the slave; because what is in the slave's possession is held by both masters, and neither of them has exclusive control over it. However, the share of the one who emancipates is validly emancipated, even if the compensation is legally entitled, as the emancipation did not take place on the specific money itself, but he merely named fifty and then gave it to him. If he applied the emancipation to the specific money itself, he must return to the slave the value of what he emancipated with the entitled compensation, and the emancipation extends to the share of his partner, and he may demand its value. The wala' (patronage rights) belongs to the emancipator.
Section: If one of the two partners authorizes his partner to emancipate his share, and the agent says, "My share is free," he becomes free, and it extends to the share of his partner, and the wala' belongs to him. If he emancipates the share of the authorizer, it becomes free, and it extends to his own share, and the wala' belongs to the authorizer. If he emancipates half of the slave without intending any specific part, it is possible that it is directed toward his own share, because it does not require an intention, while the partner's share requires an intention, and he did not intend that. It is also possible that it is directed toward the partner's share, because he commanded him to emancipate, so it is directed to what was commanded. It is also possible that it is directed to both, because they are equal, so it applies to both. Whichever of them we rule to have been emancipated, he guarantees the share of his partner. It is also possible that he does not guarantee; because if the agent emancipates his own share, and it extends to the share of his partner, he does not guarantee it; because he has permission to emancipate, and it has become free through the extension (siraayah), so he does not guarantee, like someone who is given permission to destroy something, for he does not guarantee it even if he destroys it through extension. And if he emancipates the share of his partner, the partner is not obligated to provide compensation; because he is the direct actor of the cause of destruction, so no compensation for what was destroyed by it is due to him, just as if an outsider said to him: "Emancipate your slave," and he emancipated him. And God knows best.
(7) Omitted from: The original. (8) In the original: "occurred" (waqa'a). (9) In M: "with its value". (10) In M there is an addition: "and it shall be". (11) In M: "and it is possible". (12) In the original, A, and M: "emancipated".
فَعَلَه، مِن غيرِ تَفْرِيقٍ أيضًا، وقد ذكرنا ما يَقْتَضِى التَّفْرِيقَ، وفيه تَوَسُّطٌ بين المَذْهَبْينِ، فكان أَوْلَى، إن شاءَ اللَّهُ تعالى.
فصل: ولو كان العبدُ بينَ شَرِيكينِ، فأعْطَى العَبْدُ أحَدَهما خَمْسِينَ دينارًا، على أن يَعْتِقَ نَصِيبَه منه، فأعْتَقَه، عَتَقَ، وسَرَى إلى باقِيه إن كان مُوسِرًا، ورَجَعَ عليه شَرِيكُه بنِصْفِ الخَمْسِين، وبنصفِ قِيمَةِ العَبْدِ؛ لأنَّ ما فى يَد العبدِ يكونُ بين سَيِّدَيْه، لا يَنْفَرِدُ به أحَدُهما، إِلَّا أَنَّ نَصِيبَ المُعْتقِ يَنْفُذُ فيه العِتْقُ، وإن كان العِوَضُ مُسْتَحقًا، إذ لم يَقَعِ العِتْقُ (٧) على عَيْنِها، وإنَّما سَمَّى خَمْسِينَ ثمَّ دَفَعَها إليه. وإن أوْقَعَ (٨) العِتْقَ على عَيْنِها، يَجِبُ أن يَرْجِعَ على العَبْدِ بقِيمةِ (٩) ما أعْتَقَه بالعِوَضِ المُسْتَحَقِّ، ويَسْرِى العِتْقُ إلى نَصِيبِ شَرِيكِه، فيَرْجِعُ بقِيمَتِه، ويكونُ الوَلاءُ للمُعْتِقِ.
فصل: ولو وَكَّلَ أحدُ الشَّرِيكينِ شَرِيكَه فى عِتْقِ نَصِيبِه، فقال الوَكِيلُ: نَصِيبِى حُرٌّ. عَتَقَ، وسَرَى إلى نَصِيبِ شَرِيكِه، والوَلَاءُ (١٠) له. وإِنْ أعْتَقَ نَصِيبَ المُوَكِّلِ، عَتَقَ، وسَرَى إلى نَصِيبِه، والولاءُ للمُوَكلِ. وإن أعْتَقَ نِصْفَ العَبْدِ، ولم يَنْوِ مميئًا، احْتَمَلَ أن يَنْصَرِفَ إلى نَصِيبِه؛ لأَنَّه لا يحْتاجُ إلى نِيَّةٍ، ونَصِيبُ شَرِيكِه يَفْتَقِرُ إلى النِّيَّةِ، ولم يَنْوِ ذلك. ويَحْتَمِلُ (١١) أن يَنْصَرِفَ إلى نَصِيبِ شَرِيكِه؛ لأَنَّه أمَرَه بالإِعْتاقِ، فانْصَرَف إلى ما أمَرَ به. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَنْصَرِفَ إليهما؛ لأنَّهما تَساوَيَا، فانْصَرَفَ إليهما، وأيُّهما حَكَمْنا بالعِتْقِ عليه، ضَمِنَ نَصِيبَ شَرِيكِه. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن لا يَضْمَنَ؛ لأنَّ الوَكِيلَ إِنْ أعْتَقَ نَصِيبَه، فسَرَى إلى نَصِيبِ شَرِيكِه، لم يَضْمَنْه؛ لأَنَّه مَأْذُونٌ له فى العِتْقِ، وقد عَتَقَ (١٢) بالسِّرَايةِ، فلم يَضْمَنْ، كمَنِ أذِنَ له فى إتْلافِ شىءٍ، فإنَّه لا يَضْمَنُه وإن أتْلَفَه بالسِّرَايةِ. وإذا أعْتَقَ نَصِيب شَرِيكِه، لم يَلْزَمْ شَرِيكَه الضَّمانُ؛ لأَنَّه مُباشِرٌ لسَبَبِ الإِتْلافِ، فلم يَجِبْ له ضَمانُ ما تَلِفَ به، كما لو قال له أجنبىٌّ: أَعْتِقْ عَبْدَكَ. فأعْتَقَه. واللَّهُ أعلمُ.
(٧) سقط من: الأصل.(٨) فى الأصل: "وقع".(٩) فى م: "بقيمته".(١٠) فى م زيادة: "ويكون".(١١) فى م: "واحتمل".(١٢) فى الأصل، أ، م: "أعتق".