If he has no heir by lineage, it belongs to the one to whom he paid, by virtue of the wala' (right of patronage). If we say: The receipt is not valid, then what the receiver took is between him and his partner, and his share of the mukatab is not freed, because he has not received his compensation. The one who did not receive has the right to demand from the receiver his share of what he took, just as if he had received it without his permission; it is the same. If the one who did not receive does not claim his share until the mukatab pays him his mukataba, it is valid, and he is freed to both of them. If the slave dies before the other has received his right, he has died as a slave, and the one who did not receive recovers from his earnings to the extent of what his partner took, and the remainder is between them. Ahmad said, in the narration of Ibn Mansur, regarding a slave owned by two men who entered into a mukataba agreement with him, then he paid one of them his mukataba, then died while he was striving for the other: To whom does his inheritance go? Ahmad said: Everything the slave earned during his mukataba is between them, and this one returns to the other with his share of what he took, and his inheritance is between them. Ibn Mansur said: Ishaq ibn Rahuyah said as he said.
Section: If their mukatab becomes incapacitated, they both have the right to annul or uphold [the agreement]. If they both annul or both uphold the mukataba, what they agreed upon is valid. If one of them annuls it and the other upholds it, it is valid, and half of him returns to being a full slave (qinn), and half of him remains a mukatab. The Qadi said: The mukataba is annulled in its entirety. This is the school of [Malik and] the Shafi'i; because if the mukataba were to remain for half of him, half of the one who annulled the mukataba would return to him in a diminished state. Our position is that it is a mukataba on the property of one of them, so it is not annulled by the annulment of the other, just as if he were alone in his mukataba; and because they are two separate contracts, so one of them is not annulled by the annulment of the other, like a sale. The resulting reduction does not prevent this, because it only occurred as a consequence of the partner's disposal of his own share, so it does not prevent it, like the manumission of a partner. Also, it is a principle of ours that the mukataba of one of them for his share is valid.
(37) In B and M: "qabadahu" (he received it). (38) In B and M: "akhadhahu" (he took it). (39) In A: "akhadhahu" (he took it). (40) Omitted from: A, B, and M. (41) In A, B, and M: "milk" (ownership). (42) In B and M: "mufradan" (two separate/individual).
فإن لم يَكُنْ له وَارِثٌ مِن نَسَبِه، فهو لِلَّذى أدَّى إليه بالوَلَاءِ. وإِنْ قُلْنا: لا يَصِحُّ القَبْضُ. فما أخَذَه القابِضُ بينَه وبينَ شَرِيكِه، ولا تَعْتِقُ حِصّته مِن المُكاتَبِ؛ لأَنَّه لم يَسْتَوْفِ عِوَضَه، ولغيرِ القابضِ مُطالَبةُ القابضِ بنَصِيبِه ممَّا قَبَضَه، كما لو قَبَضَ (٣٧) بغيرِ إذْنِه، سَواءً. وإن لم يَرْجِعْ غيرُ القابض بنَصِيبِه، حتى أدَّى المكاتبُ إليه كِتابَتَه، صَحَّ، وعَتَقَ عليهما جميعًا. وإن مات العبدُ قبلَ اسْتِيفاءِ الآخَرِ حَقَه، فقد مات عَبْدًا، ويَسْتَوْفِى الذى لم يَقْيضْ من كَسْبِه بقَدْرِ ما أخَذَ (٣٨) صاحِبُه، والباقى بينَهما. قال أحمدُ، فى رِوايةِ ابنِ منصورٍ، فى عَبْدٍ بين رَجُلَيْنِ كاتَباهُ، فأدَّى إلى أحَدِهما كِتابَتَه، ثم مات وهو يَسْعَى للآخَرِ، لمن مِيرَاثُه؟ قال أحمدُ: كلُّ ما كَسَبَ العبدُ فى كِتابَتِه، فهو بينَهما، ويَرْجِعُ هذا على الآخَرِ بنَصِيبِه ممَّا أخَذَ (٣٩)، ومِيراثُه بينَهما. قال ابنُ منصورٍ: قال إسحاقُ بن راهُويَه كما قال.
فصل: وإن عَجَزَ مُكاتَبُهما، فلهما الفَسْخُ والإمضاءُ، فإن فَسَخَا جَمِيعًا، أو أمْضَيَا الكِتابةَ، جاز ما اتَّفَقا عليه، وإن فَسَخَ أحَدُهما، وأمْضَى الآخرُ، جاز، وعاد نِصْفُه رَقِيقًا قِنًّا، ونِصْفُه مُكاتَبًا. وقال القاضى: تَنْفَسِخُ الكِتابةُ فى جَمِيعهِ. وهو مذهبُ [مالكٍ، و] (٤٠) الشافعىِّ؛ لأنَّ الكِتابةَ لو بَقِيَتْ فى نِصْفِه، لَعادَ نصفُ (٤١) الذى فَسَخَ الكتابةَ إليه ناقِصًا. ولَنا، أنَّها كِتابة فى مِلْكِ أحَدِهما، فلم تَنْفَسِخْ بفَسْخِ الآخَرِ، كما لو انْفَرَدَ بكِتابَتِه، ولأنَّهما عَقْدانِ مُنْفَرِدانِ (٤٢)، فلم يَنْفَسِخْ أحَدُهما بفَسْخِ الآخَرِ، كالبَيْعِ، وما حَصَلَ مِن النَّقْصِ لا يَمْنَعُ؛ لأَنَّه إنَّما حَصَلَ ضِمْنًا لتَصَرُّفِ الشَّرِيكِ فى نَصِيبِه، فلم يَمْنَعْ، كإعْتاقِ الشَّرِيكِ، ولأنَّ مِن أصْلِنا أنَّه تَصِحُّ مُكاتَبَةُ أحَدِهما نَصِيبَه،
(٣٧) فى ب، م: "قبضه".(٣٨) فى ب، م: "أخذه".(٣٩) فى أ: "أخذه".(٤٠) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(٤١) فى أ، ب، م: "ملك".(٤٢) فى ب، م: "مفردان".