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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 14 · صفحة 534فصل

الترجمة · EN

anything that can be benefited from, so it would have been fitting that he restrict the ruling he mentioned with this condition. Second, that the benefit from her earnings is not a right due to her; evidenced by the fact that she does not possess the authority to compel him to work, so the harm [caused] by the loss of his [potential] earnings is not considered in her right. Third, that the mere existence of harm is not sufficient to prevent emancipation, the requirement of which has been realized, unless it has a legal basis that supports its consideration, and he did not cite any basis for it. Furthermore, it is nullified by the emancipation of the insolvent, the mortgagor, and the extension of emancipation to the share of a partner, as he is emancipated despite the existence of harm caused by the loss of a required right, so this [current case] is more worthy [of allowing emancipation].

Section: As for the child of her child, the child of her son has the same legal status as his mother, because the child of a mukatab does not follow [the mukatab status] if he is his child. As for the child of her daughter, he is like her daughter. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i. Abu Hanifa said: The kitaba contract does not extend to him, because the extension [sariya] only occurs with contiguity, and this is a separated child, so it does not extend to him, evidenced by the fact that the child of an umm al-walad, before she is made an umm al-walad, is not subject to the status of istilad, and this child was contiguous with his mother, not his grandmother. Our argument is that the daughter had the ruling established for her as a consequence, so it must be established for her daughter as a consequence, just as it was established for her [the daughter] as a consequence of her mother. Also, because the daughter followed her mother, it is necessary that her child follows her, because the reason for her following her mother exists in her child. Furthermore, because the right of emancipation has become attached to the daughter, it must extend to her child, like [the case of] the mukataba. This dispute concerns the child of a daughter who follows her mother in the kitaba contract; as for one born before the kitaba, they do not enter into the kitaba, and her daughter is even more so.

الحواشي

(18) In M, there is an addition: "la" (not). (19) Perhaps the correct reading is: "bi-kasbihi" (from his earnings). (20) In B and M: "annahu" (that he). (21) Omitted from: B. (22) Omitted from: M. (23) In the original: "bi-i'tibarihi" (by considering it). (24) Omitted from: M. In B, there is an addition before it: "kana" (was). (25) In B and M: "yathbut" (is established). (26) In A, B, and M: "alayhi" (upon him). An error. (27) In B and M: "li-annaha" (because she). A corruption.

العربية (المصدر)

شىءٌ يُنْتَفَعُ به، فكان يَنْبَغِى أَنْ (١٨) يُقَيِّدَ الحكمَ الذى ذكَرَهُ بهذا القَيْدِ. الثانِى، أَنَّ النَّفْعَ بكَسْبِها (١٩) ليس بواجِبٍ لها؛ بدليلِ أنَّها (٢٠) لا تَمْلِكُ إجْبارَهُ على الكَسْبِ، فلم يكُنِ الضَّرَرُ بفَواتِه مُعْتبَرًا فى حَقِّها. الثالِثُ، أَنَّ مُطْلَقَ الضَّرَرِ لا يَكْفِى فى مَنْعِ العِتْقِ الذى تحقَّق (٢١) مُقْتَضِيه، ما لم يكُن له أصلٌ يشهدُ له (٢٢) بالاعْتِبارِ (٢٣)، ولم يذْكُرْ له أصْلًا، ثم هو مُلْغًى بعِتْقِ المُفْلِسِ والرَّاهِنِ وسِرَاية العِتْقِ إلى مِلْكِ الشَّرِيكِ، فإنَّه يَعْتِقُ معَ وُجودِ الضَّرَرِ بتَفْوِيتِ الحَقِّ اللَّازِمِ، فهذا أوْلَى.

فصل: فأمَّا وَلَدُ ولَدِها فإِنَّ [ولدَ ابنِها] (٢٤) حُكْمُه حُكْمُ أُمِّه؛ لأنَّ ولدَ المُكاتَبِ لا يَتْبَعُه، وأمَّا ولَدُ بنْتِها، فهو كبِنْتِها. وبهذا قال الشافِعِىُّ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا تَسْرِى الكِتابةُ إليه؛ لأنَّ السِّرايَةَ إنَّما تكونُ مع الاتِّصالِ، وهذا ولدٌ مُنْفَصِلٌ، فلا تَسْرِى إليه؛ بدليلِ أَنَّ ولدَ أُمِّ الوَلَدِ قبلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْلِدَها، لا يَسْرِى إليه الاسْتِيلادُ، وهذا الولدُ اتَّصَلَ بأُمِّه دُونَ جَدَّتِه. ولَنا، أَنَّ ابْنَتَها ثَبَتَ لها حُكْمُها تَبَعًا، فيَجِبُ أَنْ يثْبُتَ لابْنَتِها حكْمُها تَبَعًا، كما ثَبَتَ (٢٥) لها (٢٢) حكمُ أُمِّها، ولأَنَّ البنتَ تَبِعَتْ أُمَّها، فيجِبُ أَنْ يَتْبَعَها ولدُها؛ لأنَّ عِلَّةَ (٢٦) إتْباعِها لأُمِّها (٢٧) مَوْجُودَةٌ فى ولَدِها، ولأنَّ البِنْتَ تَعَلَّقَ بها حَقُّ العِتْقِ، فيجبُ أَنْ يَسْرِىَ إلى ولدِها، كالمُكاتَبةِ. وهذا الخلافُ فى وَلَدِ البِنْتِ التابِعَةِ لأُمِّها فى الكتابةِ، فأمَّا المَوْلودَةُ قبلَ الكِتابةِ، فلا تَدْخُلُ فى الكتابةِ، فابْنَتُها أوْلَى.

الحواشي

(١٨) فى م زيادة: "لا".(١٩) لعل الصواب: "بكسبه".(٢٠) فى ب، م: "أنه".(٢١) سقط من: ب.(٢٢) سقط من: م.(٢٣) فى الأصل: "باعتباره".(٢٤) سقط من: م. وفى ب قبله زيادة: "كان".(٢٥) فى ب، م: "يثبت".(٢٦) فى أ، ب، م: "عليه". خطأ.(٢٧) فى ب، م: "لأنها". تحريف.

السابقمجلد 14 · صفحة 534التالي
السابق14·534التالي