As for the missed prayer (fa'ita), if he specifies it in his heart as being the Dhuhr of the current day, he does not need the intention of 'qada' (making up) nor 'ada' (performing on time). Rather, if he intends it as a performance on time (ada) and it becomes clear that its time had expired, it counts as a make-up (qada) without his intention. (4) If he thinks that the time has expired, intends it as a make-up (qada), and then it becomes clear that it was within its time, it counts as a performance on time (ada) without an intention, similar to a captive who exerts effort and fasts a month intending it to be the month of Ramadan; if it corresponds to it or comes after it, it suffices for him. If he thinks he has a missed Dhuhr prayer and makes it up during the time of today’s Dhuhr, and then it is discovered that he had no make-up prayer due, does it suffice for today's Dhuhr? There are two possibilities: First, it suffices for him, because the prayer is specified, and he only erred in the intention of the time, which has no effect, just as if he believed the time had expired and it was discovered that it had not, or as if he intended the Dhuhr of yesterday while he had a Dhuhr of a day prior to it. Second, it does not suffice for him, because he did not intend the specific prayer, so it is like one who intends the make-up of an 'Asr, which would not suffice for the Dhuhr. If he intends the Dhuhr of the day during its time, while he has a missed prayer, it does not suffice for the missed one, and the same ruling applies as the previous scenario.

As for if he has multiple missed prayers and he intends a non-specified prayer, it does not suffice for any of them due to the lack of specification. If he forgets a prayer from a day and does not know its identity, five prayers are incumbent upon him so that he may be certain he has performed the missed one. If he forgets a prayer and does not know if it is Dhuhr or 'Asr, two prayers are incumbent upon him (5). If he prays one while intending that it is the missed one, it does not suffice for him due to the lack of specification.

Section: As for supererogatory (nafila) prayers, they are divided into specified ones, such as the solar eclipse prayer, the rain-seeking prayer, the Tarawih, the Witr, and the regular Sunnah prayers; these require specification as well. And into absolute ones, such as the night prayer; the intention of prayer alone suffices for them because there is no specification in them.

Section: If he enters into the prayer with an intention that oscillates between completing it and cutting it off, it is not valid, because the intention is a firm resolve, and with oscillation, resolve is not achieved. If he engages in it with a correct intention and then intends to cut it off or exit (6) from it, it becomes void. Al-Shafi'i held this view. Abu