some of the prayer with the Imam, then stood up to make it up. Al-Athram said: I said to Abu Abd Allah: A man who missed a rak'ah with the Imam in the Maghrib or Isha, and he stood up to make it up, should he recite aloud or silently? He said: If he wishes, he may recite aloud, and if he wishes, he may recite silently. Then he said: Loud recitation is only for the congregation. I said to him: Likewise if he prays Maghrib and Isha alone, if he wishes he recites aloud, and if he wishes he does not? He said: Yes, loud recitation is only for the congregation. Tawus and al-Awza'i said the same regarding someone who missed some of the prayer, and there is no difference between making up (qada') and performing it on time (ada'). Al-Shafi'i said: It is Sunnah for the one praying alone to recite aloud because he is not commanded to remain silent for anyone, so he resembles the Imam. As for us, he is not required to make anyone hear him, so he resembles the follower during the Imam's silent pauses, and he differs from the Imam, for the Imam intends to make the followers hear and bears the recitation on their behalf. Ahmad pointed to this in his statement: Loud recitation is only for the congregation, so the individual who prays alone stands between the Imam and the follower, and differs from both in that he does not intend to make someone else hear, nor is he commanded to remain silent for someone, so he was given a choice between the two states.

Section: As for if he makes up the prayer in a congregation, then if it is a daytime prayer, he recites silently, whether he makes it up at night or during the day, because it is a daytime prayer, and I know of no disagreement regarding this. If the missed prayer is a nighttime prayer and he makes it up at night, he recites aloud according to the apparent meaning of Ahmad's words.