As for fear, it is categorized into three types: the first is fear for one's own self, such as fearing a ruler, or an enemy, or a thief, or a predatory animal, or a beast, or a flood, and the like, from which one fears harm to one's own self; or if one fears a creditor who pursues him while he has nothing with which to pay him, for if he detains him for a debt he is unable to pay, it is an injustice and entails harm to him. If he is capable of paying it, he has no excuse for missing it, because procrastination by a wealthy person is an injustice and entails harm. If he has a deferred debt and fears he will be demanded to pay it immediately, it is an excuse. Or, if there is a hadd penalty of Allah, the Most High, or a penalty for qadhf (false accusation) upon him, and he fears he will be seized for it, that is not an excuse, because it is obligatory to fulfill it. Likewise, if there is a qisas (retaliation) upon him.
= 1/169, 172, 182, 183, 9/120, 121. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the Appointment of a Successor by the Imam if an Excuse Arises for Him from Illness, Travel, or Other Things to Lead the People in Prayer, from the Book of Prayer. Sahih Muslim 1/313, 314, 316. And Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on Clapping in Prayer, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/216. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on the Virtues of Abu Bakr and Umar, from the Chapters on Virtues. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 13/135. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on the Appointment of a Successor by the Imam if he is Absent, from the Book of Imamate. Al-Mujtaba 2/64. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on What Was Said Regarding the Prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) During His Illness, from the Book of Establishing Prayer. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/389, 390. And Imam Malik, in: Book of Comprehensive Prayer, from the Book of Travel. Al-Muwatta 1/170, 171. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/202, 4/412, 413, 5/332, 6/34, 96, 159, 210, 224, 229, 270. (16) In (M): "Section: The fearful person is excused for leaving them; due to the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 'The excuse is fear or illness.' And fear." The hadith was narrated by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the Emphasis on Missing the Congregation, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/130. (17) In (M): "Fear for one's self, fear for wealth, and fear for family. As for the first." (18) In (M) is the addition: "for his self". (19) Omitted from the original. (20) In (M): "And in the meaning of that is that". (21) In (M): "fulfill it". (22) In (M): "with a debt". (23) In (M): "for him". (24) In (M): "paying the debt is not an excuse for him; because it is obligatory to fulfill it". (25) Obscured in the original. (26) In (M): "And likewise, if qisas is delayed upon him, he has no excuse for missing it because of that."
