The second [report] is that it is valid, because he is excused.
Section: Some of our companions mentioned alongside these places the rubbish heap, the slaughterhouse, the main road, the roof of the Sacred House of Allah (the Kaaba), and the usurped location, due to what Ibn 'Umar narrated, that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "There are seven locations in which prayer is not permitted: the roof of the House of Allah, the graveyard, the rubbish heap, the slaughterhouse, the bathhouse, the camel resting place, and the main road." Narrated by Ibn Majah (8). From Ibn 'Umar, he said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) prohibited prayer in seven locations. He mentioned them and said: "...the thoroughfare, the camel resting places, and above the Kaaba (8)." He said: The ruling regarding these seven locations is exactly the same as the ruling regarding the [original] four. This is because these locations are sites of impurities, so the ruling is attached to them rather than their essence, just as the ruling for nullifying ritual purity is established by sleep, and the obligation of ghusl is established by the meeting of the two circumcised parts.
Section: Al-Qadi said: The prohibition of these locations is an act of worship [ta'abbud] (9), not for a rationalized reason ['illa]. Based on this, the prohibition encompasses everything the name applies to. Therefore, there is no difference in the graveyard between the old and the new, or whether its soil has been turned over or not, due to the name applying to it. If there is a grave or two in a location, it does not prevent prayer there because the name 'graveyard' does not apply to it. If the graves are removed from it, prayer is permissible therein because the mosque of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) contained the graves of the polytheists, then they were exhumed. This is agreed upon (10). There is no difference in the bathhouse between the place of washing and pouring water, and the changing room [maslakh].
(8) In: "Chapter: Places in which prayer is disliked," from Kitab al-Taharah. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/246. They were also narrated by al-Tirmidhi, in: "Chapter: What has been narrated regarding the dislike of that which one prays towards and in," from Abwab al-Salah. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 2/144. (9) In [MS] M: "ta'abbudi" (an act of worship). (10) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in: "Chapter: Whether the graves of the polytheists of the Jahiliyya are exhumed and their place turned into mosques," from Kitab al-Salah; and in: "Chapter: The sanctity of Medina," from Kitab Fada'il al-Madina; and in: "Chapter: The arrival of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and his companions to Medina," from Kitab Manaqib al-Ansar. Sahih al-Bukhari 1/117, 3/25, 26, 5/86, 87. And Muslim, in: "Chapter: The building of the Mosque of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace)," from Kitab al-Masajid. Sahih Muslim 1/373, 374. It was also narrated by Abu Dawud, in: "Chapter: On building mosques," from Kitab al-Salah. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/107. And al-Nasa'i, in: "Chapter: Exhuming graves and taking their land for mosques," from Kitab al-Masajid. Al-Mujtaba 2/32. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 3/123, 212, 244.
والثانية، تَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّه مَعْذُورٌ.
فصل: وذَكَرَ بعضُ أصحابِنا مع هذه المَوَاضِع المَزْبَلَةَ، والمَجْزَرَةَ، ومَحَجَّةَ الطَّرِيقِ، وظَهْرَ بَيْتِ اللهِ الحَرَامِ، والمَوْضِعَ المَغْصُوبَ؛ لما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، قال: "سَبْعُ مَوَاطِنَ لَا تَجُوزُ فِيَها الصَّلاةُ؛ ظَهْرُ بَيْتِ اللهِ، والمَقْبَرَةُ، والمَزْبَلَةُ، والمَجْزَرَةُ، والحَمَّامُ، وعَطَنُ الإِبِلِ، ومَحَجَّةُ الطَّرِيقِ" رَواهُ ابنُ مَاجَه (٨). وعن ابْنِ عمرَ، قال: نَهىَ رَسُولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنْ يُصَلَّى في سَبْعِ مَوَاطِنَ. وذَكَرَها، وقال: وقَارِعَةِ الطَّرِيقِ، ومَعَاطِنِ الإِبِلِ، وفَوْقَ الكَعْبَةِ (٨). وقال: الحُكْمُ في هذه المَوَاضِعِ السَّبْعَةِ كالحُكْمِ في الأرْبعةِ سَوَاء. ولأنَّ هذه المَوَاضِعَ مَظِنَّةُ النَّجَاسَاتِ، فَعُلِّقَ الحُكْمُ عليها دُونَ حَقِيقَتِها، كما يَثْبُتُ حُكْمُ نَقْضِ الطَّهَارَةِ بالنَّوْمِ، ووُجُوبِ الغُسْلِ بالْتِقاءِ الخِتَانينِ.
فصل: قال القاضي: المَنْعُ من هذه المَوَاضِعِ تَعَبُّدٌ (٩)، لا لِعِلَّةٍ مَعْقُولَةٍ، فعلى هذا يَتَنَاوَلُ النَّهْىُ كُلَّ ما وَقَعَ عليه الاسْمُ، فلا فَرْقَ في المَقْبَرَةِ بين القَدِيمَةِ والحَدِيثَةِ، وما تَقَلَّبَتْ أتْرِبَتُها أو لم تَتَقَلَّبْ؛ لِتَنَاوُلِ الاسْمِ لها، فإنْ كان في المَوْضِعِ قَبْرٌ أو قَبْرانِ، لم يَمْنَعْ من الصَّلاةِ فيها. لأنَّها لا يَتَنَاوَلُها اسْمُ المَقْبَرَةِ. وإن نُقِلَت القُبُورُ منها، جازتِ الصَّلاةُ فيها؛ لأنَّ مَسْجِدَ رسولِ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- كانت فيه قُبُورُ المُشْركِينَ، فنُبِشَتْ. مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١٠). ولا فرقَ في الحَمَّامِ بين مكانِ الغَسْلِ وصَبِّ الماءِ، وبين بَيْتِ المَسْلَخِ
(٨) في: باب المواضع التي تكره فيها الصلاة، من كتاب الطهارة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٢٤٦. كما أخرجهما الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في كراهية ما يصلى إليه وفيه، من أبواب الصلاة. عارضة الأحوذى ٢/ ١٤٤.(٩) في م: "تعبدى".(١٠) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب هل تنبش قبور مشركي الجاهلية ويتخذ مكانها مساجد، من كتاب الصلاة، وفى: باب حرم المدينة، من كتاب فضائل المدينة، وفى: باب مقدم النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وأصحابه المدينة، من كتاب مناقب الأنصار. صحيح البخاري ١/ ١١٧، ٣/ ٢٥، ٢٦، ٥/ ٨٦، ٨٧. ومسلم، في: باب ابتناء مسجد النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، من كتاب المساجد. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٣٧٣، ٣٧٤. كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب في بناء المساجد، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٠٧. والنسائي، في: باب نبش القبور واتخاذ أرضها مساجد، من كتاب المساجد. المجتبى ٢/ ٣٢. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ١٢٣، ٢١٢، ٢٤٤.
