Ibrahim said regarding that which has boils (17): He may pray and does not wash it, and when it heals, he washes it. Urwah and Muhammad ibn Kunasa (18) said the same. Based on this, more of it is excused than would be excused of the equivalent amount of blood, because it does not become excessive except in amounts greater than that of blood; and because there is no textual evidence regarding it. Impurity was established for it only because it is transformed from blood into a repulsive state.
Section: There is no difference between the blood being collected in one place or dispersed, such that if it were gathered together, it would reach this [excused] amount. If the impurity is on a thick object (19) and has permeated from both sides, so that its surface has joined with its interior, it is a single impurity. If they do not join, but rather there is something between them that the blood did not reach, then they are two impurities; if, when gathered together, they would reach an amount (20) that is not excused, then they are not excused, just as if they were on two sides of a garment.
Section: A small amount of menstrual blood is excused due to what we mentioned of the hadith of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, and likewise all other blood of ritually pure animals. As for the blood of a dog or a swine, a small amount of it is not excused; because their pure fluids—other than their blood—are not excused in any amount, so their blood is even more so [not excused]. Moreover, it has touched the body of a dog, so it is not excused, like water when it touches it. The same applies to any blood that touches an impurity that is not excused; no amount of it is excused because of that.
Section: The blood of that which has no flowing blood, such as bedbugs (21), fleas, flies, and the like, is subject to two narrations. One of them is that it is pure. Among those who granted an exemption for flea blood are 'Ata', Tawus, al-Hasan, al-Sha'bi, al-Hakim, Habib ibn Abi Thabit (22), Hammad, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq; because if it were impure, a small amount of water would become impure if it died in it, for if it remains in water it is not
(17) Al-Hibn (with a kasra): An abscess like a boil, which occurs in the body, suppurates, and swells. (18) In [Manuscripts] A and M: "Kinana", which is a corruption. It has been mentioned previously. (19) In the original: "Dayyiq" (narrow). (20) In the original: "aw" (or). (21) Al-Baqqa (bedbug): A flat, red, foul-smelling insect that feeds on human blood. (22) Abu Yahya Habib ibn Abi Thabit, one of the Tabi'i jurists in Kufa. He died in the year 117 AH. Tabaqat al-Fuqaha, by al-Shirazi, 83.
إبراهيمُ، في الذي يكونُ به الحُبُونُ (١٧): يُصَلِّي، ولا يَغْسِلُه، فإذا بَرَأَ غَسَلَه. وقال عُرْوَةُ، ومُحَمَّدُ بنُ كُناسَةَ (١٨)، مثلَ ذلك. فعلى هذا يُعْفَى منه عن أكثر مما يُعْفَى عن مِثْلِه من الدَّمِ؛ لأنه لا يَفْحُشُ منه إلَّا أكثرُ من الدَّمِ، ولأنَّ هذا لا نَصَّ فيه، وإنما ثَبَتَتِ النَّجَاسَةُ فيه لأنَّه مُسْتَحِيلٌ من الدَّمِ إلى حالٍ مُسْتَقْذَرَةٍ.
فصل: ولا فَرْقَ بين كَوْنِ الدَّمِ مُجْتَمِعًا أو مُتَفَرِّقًا، بحيثُ إذا جُمِعَ بَلَغَ هذا القَدْرَ، ولو كانت النَّجاسةُ في شيءٍ صَفِيقٍ (١٩)، قد نَفَذَتْ من الجَانِبَيْنِ، فاتَّصَلَ ظَاهِرُه بِبَاطِنِه، فهو نَجَاسَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. وإن لم يَتَّصِلا، بل كان بَيْنَهُما شيءٌ لم يُصِبْهُ الدَّمُ، فهما نَجاستانِ، إذا بَلَغَا لو (٢٠) جُمِعَا قَدْرًا لا يُعْفَى عنه لم يُعْفَ عنهما، كما لو كانا في جَانِبَيِ الثَّوْبِ.
فصل: ويُعْفَى عن يَسِيرِ دَمِ الحَيْضِ؛ لما ذكرْنا من حَدِيثِ عَائشةَ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنها، وعن سَائِرِ دِماءِ الحَيَوانَاتِ الطَّاهِرَةِ. فأمَّا دَمُ الكَلْبِ والخِنْزِيرِ فلا يُعْفَى عن يَسِيرِه؛ لأنَّ رُطُوبَاتِه الطَّاهِرَةَ من غيرِه لا يُعْفَى عن شيءٍ منها، فدَمُه أوْلَى، ولأنَّه أصابَ جِسْمَ الكَلْبِ فلم يُعْفَ عنه، كالماءِ إذا أصابَه. وهكذا كُلُّ دَمٍ أصابَ نَجَاسَةً غَيْرَ مَعْفُوٍّ عنها، لم يُعْفَ عن شيءٍ منه لذلك.
فصل: ودَمُ ما لا نَفْسَ له سَائِلَةٌ، كالبَقِّ (٢١)، والبَرَاغِيثِ، والذُّبَابِ، ونَحْوِه، فيه رِوَايتانِ؛ إحْدَاهما، أنَّه طَاهِرٌ. وممن رَخَّصَ في دَمِ البَرَاغِيثِ عَطَاءٌ، وطاوُسٌ، والحسنُ، والشَّعْبِىُّ، والحَاكِمُ، وحَبيبُ بنُ أبى ثابِتٍ (٢٢)، وحَمَّادٌ، والشَّافِعِيُّ، وإسْحَاقُ؛ لأنَّه لوكان نَجِسًا لَنَجُسَ الماءُ اليَسِيرُ إذا مات فيه، فإنَّه إذا مكثَ في الماءِ لا
(١٧) الحِبْن، بالكسر: خراج كالدمل، وما يعترى في الجسد فيقيح ويَرِمُ.(١٨) في أ، م: "كنانة" تحريف. وتقدم.(١٩) في الأصل: "ضيق".(٢٠) في الأصل: "أو".(٢١) البقة: دويبة مفرطحة حمراء منتنة، تغتذى بدم الإنسان.(٢٢) أبو يحيى حبيب بن أبي ثابت، من فقهاء التابعين بالكوفة، توفى سنة سبع عشرة ومائة. طبقات الفقهاء، للشيرازي ٨٣.
