It is judged that the separated water is pure when the impurity has dried up and its constituent parts have gone, leaving only its trace. If its constituent parts remain, the location is purified, but the separated water is impure. This condition which he mentioned is not something I have seen attributed to Ahmad, nor does the speech of al-Khiraqi imply it, nor is it sound; for if he means by the persistence of its parts that its moisture remains, this is contrary to the report, as his saying: "When he finished urinating, he commanded that a bucket of water be poured over it," indicates that it was poured over it immediately upon his finishing. And if he means the persistence of the urine in a pool, then there is no difference between that and moisture, for little or much urine is the same in terms of defilement. Moisture consists of parts that become impure just as the pooled substance does, so there is no difference then.

Section: If rainwater or floodwater reaches the ground and submerges it and flows over it, it is as if water were poured upon it, because for the purification of impurity, neither intention nor action is required; thus, what a human pours and what flows without his pouring are equal. Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said regarding urine on the ground upon which the sky rains: If the rain reaches it in an amount equal to a bucket, as the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered to be poured over the urine, then it has become pure. Al-Marrudhi said: Abu 'Abd Allah was asked about rainwater that mixes with urine, and he said: In my view, rainwater does not mix with anything except that it purifies it, except for human excrement, for that is kept separate. He was asked about rainwater hitting a garment, and he saw no harm in it unless it was urinated on after the rain. He said: Everything that descends from the sky to the earth is clean, whether animals have walked upon it or not. Regarding a roof spout, he said: If it is in a clean place, there is no harm in the rainwater that drips upon you, if you do not know it to be dirty. It was said to him: Should I ask about it? He said: Do not ask. What would drive you to ask when it is rainwater! If it is not a place of excretion or a place of filth, do not wash it. The purity of rainwater-soaked mud was argued using the hadith of the Bedouin who urinated in the mosque. Ishaq ibn Mansur said, and Ishaq ibn Rahwayh said, the same as Ahmad. It was also argued that the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and the Followers used to wade through rainwater on the roads, and they would not wash their feet, as the water overwhelmed the filth. Among those...