It was narrated from him that Umar and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them both, waded through rainwater-soaked mud and prayed without washing their feet. Ibn Mas'ud said: 'We used not to perform ablution because of a place we had stepped upon.' A similar view is narrated from Ibn Abbas. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, Alqama, al-Aswad, Abd Allah ibn Ma'qil ibn Muqarrin, al-Hasan, the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y), and the generality of scholars held this view, because the original state is purity, and it is not removed by doubt.
Section: The earth is not purified until the color and odor of the impurity have disappeared, for their persistence is evidence of the persistence of the impurity. If the impurity is such that its color cannot be removed except with difficulty, then the requirement to remove it is waived, as is the case with clothing; the same ruling applies to the odor.
Section: If the impurity has distinct constituent parts, such as carrion, dung, or dried blood, and it has mixed with the particles of the earth, it is not purified by washing, because its essence does not transform, and it cannot be purified except by removing the parts of the ground such that it is certain that the parts of the impurity are gone. If one acts swiftly while the urine is still wet and removes the soil that bears its traces, the remainder is pure, because the impure substance was wet and it has been removed. If it has dried and one removes only what bears the trace, it is not purified, because the trace only appears on the surface of the earth; however, if one removes [an amount] such that one is certain of the removal of what the urine touched, then the remainder is pure.
Section: Impure earth is not purified by the sun, the wind, or by drying. This is the view of Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and one of the two views of al-Shafi'i. Abu Hanifa and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: It is purified once the trace of the impurity disappears. Abu Qilaba said: The drying of the earth is its purification, because Ibn Umar narrated that dogs used to urinate and then come and go in the mosque, and they would not sprinkle anything over that. Reported by Abu Dawud. Our argument is the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 'Pour a bucket of water over his urine.' The command implies obligation, and because it is an impure place, it is not purified except by washing, just like clothes. As for the hadith of Ibn Umar, it was reported by al-Bukhari, and it does not contain the mention of urine. It is possible that he meant they used to urinate, then come and go in the mosque, so their coming and going was within it after their urination.
(11) In A and M: "Mughfal" (is a mistake). (12) Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah held the view that impure earth is purified by these means. He said: "It is the most correct view in terms of evidence." See: al-Fatawa 21/479-482, 510. (13) In: The Chapter on the Purification of the Earth When It Dries, from the Book of Purification. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/91.
رُوِىَ عنه أنَّه خاضَ طِينَ المطرِ، وصَلَّى، ولم يَغْسِلْ رِجْلَيْهِ، عمرُ، وعَلِىٌّ رَضِىَ اللَّه عنهما. وقال ابْنُ مَسعودٍ: كُنَّا لا نَتَوَضَّأُ مِن مَوْطِئ. ونحوُه عن ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وقال بذلك سعيدُ بنُ المُسَيَّبِ، وعَلْقَمَةُ، والأسْوَدُ، وعَبْدُ اللهِ بن مَعْقِلٍ (١١) بن مُقَرِّن، والحسنُ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ، وعَوَامُّ أهلِ العِلْمِ؛ لأنَّ الأصْلَ الطَّهَارَةُ، فلا تَزُولُ بالشَّكِّ.
فصل: ولا تَطْهُرُ الأرْضُ حتى يَذْهَبَ لَوْنُ النَّجَاسَةِ ورَائحَتُها؛ لأنَّ بَقَاءَهما دَلِيلٌ على بَقَاءِ النَّجاسةِ. فإنْ كانتْ ممَّا لا يَزُولُ لَوْنُها إلَّا بِمَشَقَّةٍ سَقَطَ عنه إزَالَتُها، كالثَّوْبِ، وكذلك الحُكْمُ في الرَّائِحةِ.
فصل: وإذا كانت النَّجاسةُ ذاتَ أجْزاءٍ مُتَفَرِّقَة، كالرَّمِيمِ، والرَّوثِ، والدَّمِ إذا جَفَّ، فاخْتَلَطَتْ بأجْزاءِ الأرْضِ، لم تَطْهُرْ بالغَسْلِ؛ لأنَّ عَيْنَها لا تَنْقَلِبُ، ولا تَطْهُرُ إِلَّا بإزَالةِ أجْزاءِ المكانِ، بحيثُ يُتَيَقَّنُ زَوالُ أجْزَاءِ النَّجاسةِ. ولو بادَرَ البَوْلَ وهو رَطْبٌ، فقَلَعَ التُّرابَ الذي عليه أثرُه، فالباقى طَاهِرٌ؛ لأنَّ النَّجِسَ كان رَطْبًا وقد زالَ. وإنْ جَفَّ فأزالَ ما وُجِدَ عليه الأَثَرُ، لم يَطْهُرْ؛ لأنَّ الأثَرَ إنَّما يَبِينُ على ظَاهِرِ الأرْضِ، لكنْ إن قلَع ما تَيَقَّن به زَوَالَ ما أصَابَه البَوْلُ، فالباقى طَاهِرٌ.
فصل: ولا تَطْهُرُ الأرْضُ النَّجِسَةُ بشَمْسٍ ولا رِيحٍ ولا جَفَافٍ (١٢). وهذا قَوْلُ أبي ثَوْرٍ، وابْنِ المُنْذِرِ، والشَّافِعِىِّ في أحَدِ قَوْلَيْه. وقال أبو حنيفةَ، ومحمدُ بنُ الحسنِ: تَطْهُرُ إذا ذَهَبَ أثَرُ النَّجاسةِ. وقال أبو قِلابَةَ: جُفُوفُ الأرْضِ طُهُورُها؛ لأنَّ ابنَ عمرَ رَوَى أنَّ الكِلابَ كانت تَبُولُ، وتُقْبِلُ وتُدْبِرُ في المَسْجدِ، فلم يَكُونُوا يرُشُّون شَيْئًا من ذلك. أخْرَجَه أبو داوُدَ (١٣). ولَنا، قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أَهْرِيقُوا على
(١١) في أ، م: "مغفل" خطأ.(١٢) ذهب شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية إلى أن الأرض النجسة تطهر بهذه الأشياء. قال: وهو الصحيح في الدليل. انظر: الفتاوى ٢١/ ٤٧٩ - ٤٨٢، ٥١٠.(١٣) في: باب في طهور الأرض إذا يبست، من كتاب الطهارة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٩١.