He said: "This is the prayer of the houses." Recorded by Abu Dawud (29). From Rafi' ibn Khadij, who said: The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) came to us among the Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal and prayed Maghrib with us in our mosque, then he said: "Perform these two rak'ahs in your houses." Recorded by Ibn Majah (30) and al-Athram, and his wording is: "Pray these two rak'ahs in your houses."
Section: Every Sunnah (voluntary) prayer performed before a mandatory prayer, its time is from the entry of its [mandatory prayer's] time until the performance of that prayer. Every Sunnah prayer performed after a mandatory prayer, its time is from the performance of the prayer until the departure of its time. If any of the time for these Sunnah prayers is missed, Ahmad said: It has not reached us that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) made up any of the voluntary prayers, except for the two rak'ahs of Fajr and the two rak'ahs after 'Asr. Ibn Hamid said: All the regular Sunnah prayers (al-rawatib) may be made up at all times, except for the times in which prayer is forbidden, because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) made up some of them, and we have applied analogy to the rest based on that. Some of our companions (31) said: None are to be made up except for the two rak'ahs of Fajr (32)—up until the time of Duha—and the two rak'ahs of Dhuhr. For Ahmad said: I do not know of any Witr after Fajr. And the two rak'ahs of Fajr are made up until the time of Duha. Malik said: The two rak'ahs of Fajr are made up until the time of Zawal (the sun's meridian), and are not to be made up after that. Al-Nakha'i, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, and al-Hasan said: If the sun has risen, there is no Witr. Some of them said: Whoever has prayed the morning prayer (al-ghadah), there is no Witr for him. The first [view] is more correct, due to what we have mentioned. Furthermore (33), Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I like for a person to have some voluntary prayers that he is consistent in, and if he misses them, he makes them up (34). The second category: voluntary prayers along with the regular Sunnah prayers. It is recommended to pray four before Dhuhr and four after it, based on what Umm Habibah narrated, saying:
(29) In: The chapter on where the two rak'ahs of Maghrib should be prayed, from the Book of Voluntary Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/299. (30) In: The chapter on what has been narrated regarding the two rak'ahs after Maghrib, from the Book of Establishing the Prayer. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/368. (31) In MS [M], an addition: "The Qadi and". (32) In MS [M], an addition: "are made up". (33) "Qad" is omitted from [M]. (34) In [A] and [M]: "he made up".
فقال: "هذِهِ صَلَاةُ البُيُوتِ". رَوَاهُ أبو دَاوُدَ (٢٩). وعن رَافِعِ بن خدِيجٍ، قال: أتَانَا النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في بَنِى عبدِ الأشْهَلِ، فَصَلَّى بنا المَغْرِبَ في مَسْجِدِنا، ثم قال: "ارْكَعُوا هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ في بُيُوتِكُمْ"، رَوَاهُ ابنُ مَاجَه (٣٠)، والأثْرَمُ، ولَفْظُه، قال: "صَلُّوا هَاتَيْنِ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ في بُيُوتِكُمْ".
فصل: كُلُّ سُنَّةٍ قبلَ الصَّلَاةِ، فوَقْتُها من دُخُولِ وَقْتِها إلى فِعْلِ الصَّلَاةِ، وكُلُّ سُنَّةٍ بعدَها، فوَقْتُها من فِعْلِ الصَّلَاةِ إلى خُرُوجِ وَقْتِها، فإن فاتَ شيءٌ من وَقْتِ هذه السُّنَنِ، فقال أحمدُ: لم يَبْلُغْنَا أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قَضَى شَيْئًا من التَّطَوُّعِ، إلَّا رَكْعَتَىِ الفَجْرِ، والرَّكْعَتَيْنِ بعدَ العَصْرِ. وقال ابنُ حامِدٍ: تُقْضَى جَمِيعُ السُّنَنِ الرَّوَاتِبِ في جَمِيعِ الأوْقَاتِ إلَّا أوقَاتِ النَّهْىِ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قَضَى بَعْضَها، وقِسْنَا البَاقِىَ عليه. وقال (٣١) بعضُ أصْحابِنا: لا يُقْضَى إلَّا رَكْعَتَا الفَجْرِ (٣٢)، إلى وَقْتِ الضُّحَى، ورَكْعَتا الظُّهْرِ. فإنّ أحمدَ قال: ما أعْرِفُ وِتْرًا بعدَ الفَجْرِ. ورَكْعَتَا الفَجْرِ تُقْضَى إلى وَقْتِ الضُّحَى. قال مالِكٌ: تُقْضَى رَكْعَتَا الفَجْرِ إلى وَقْتِ الزَّوَالِ، ولا تُقْضَى بعدَ ذلك. وقال النَّخَعِىُّ، وسعيدُ بن جُبَيْرٍ، والحَسنُ: إذا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فلا وِتْرَ. وقال بعضُهم: مَن صَلَّى الغَدَاةَ فلا وِتْرَ عليه. والأوَّلُ أصَحُّ؛ لما ذَكَرْنَا وقد (٣٣) قال أحمدُ، رَحِمَه اللهُ: أُحِبُّ أن يكونَ له شَىْءٌ من النَّوَافِلِ يُحَافِظُ عليه، إذا فَاتَ قَضَاهُ (٣٤). النَّوْعُ الثَّانِى، تَطَوُّعَاتٌ مع السُّنَنِ الرَّوَاتِبِ، يُسْتَحَبُّ أنْ يُصَلِّىَ قبلَ الظُّهْرِ أرْبَعًا وأرْبَعًا بعدَها؛ لما رَوَتْ أم حَبِيبَةَ، قالتْ:
(٢٩) في: باب ركعتى المغرب أين تصليان، من كتاب التطوع. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٢٩٩.(٣٠) في: باب ما جاء في الركعتين بعد المغرب، من كتاب إقامة الصلاة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٣٦٨.(٣١) في م زيادة: "القاضي و".(٣٢) في م زيادة: "تقضى".(٣٣) سقط "قد" من: م.(٣٤) في أ، م: "قضى".
