people of knowledge, and it is valid, for it is not more confirmed than the khutbah (sermon), and it is valid from one who is sitting. Al-Athram said: I heard Abu 'Abd Allah being asked about the Adhan while riding? He permitted it and said: The matter of the Adhan in my opinion is simple. It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that he used to perform the Adhan while riding, then he would dismount and perform the Iqamah (19). And if performing nafil (supererogatory) prayers is permitted while riding, then the Adhan is even more deserving.

Section: It is recommended that he performs the Adhan on a high place so that it is more effective in delivering his voice. Abu Dawud (20) narrated from 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, from a woman of the Banu al-Najjar who said: My house was the tallest house around the mosque, and Bilal used to perform the Adhan on it for the dawn prayer. He would come at dawn, sit on the house, and look for the dawn. When he saw it, he would stretch and then say: "O Allah, I seek Your aid and Your protection against Quraysh so that they may uphold Your religion." She said: Then he would perform the Adhan. In the hadith of the beginning of the Adhan, a man from the Ansar said: O Messenger of Allah, I saw a man as if he were wearing two green garments; he stood on the mosque and performed the Adhan, then he sat for a while, then he stood and said the same thing, except that he said: "Qad qamat al-salah (the prayer has begun)." (21)

Section: It is not recommended to speak during the Adhan, and a group of people of knowledge disliked it. Al-Awza'i said: We do not know of anyone who is followed who did that. Al-Hasan, 'Ata', 'Urwah (22), Qatadah, and Sulayman ibn Surad (23) granted a concession for it. If he speaks a little, it is permissible. If the speech is long, the Adhan is invalidated because it cuts off the continuity (muwalat) that is a condition for the Adhan, so it is not known that it is an Adhan. Likewise, if he is silent for a long time, sleeps for a long time, loses consciousness, or is afflicted with insanity that breaks the continuity, his Adhan is invalidated. If the speech is short and forbidden, such as cursing or something similar, some of our companions said: There are two opinions regarding it; one of them is that it does not invalidate it because it does not conflict with the intended purpose, so it is like permissible speech. The second is that it does invalidate it because it is forbidden during it.

As for the Iqamah, he should not speak during it because (24) it is recommended to hasten it and not to separate between its parts. Abu Dawud said: I said to Ahmad: Does a man speak during his Adhan? He said: Yes. I said (25) to him: Does he speak during the Iqamah? He said: No.