Abd Allah: [Is it] combining Dhuhr and 'Asr during rain? He said: "No, I have not heard [of it]." This is the choice of Abu Bakr and Ibn Hamid, and the view of Malik. Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi said: There are two views on it; one of which is that there is no harm in it. This is the view of Abu al-Khattab and the madhhab of al-Shafi'i, due to what Yahya ibn Wadih narrated from Musa ibn 'Uqbah, from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar, that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) combined Dhuhr and 'Asr in Madinah during rain (30). And because it is a factor that permits combining, so it permits it between Dhuhr and 'Asr, just like travel. To us, the basis for combining is what we have mentioned from the statement of Abu Salamah and [the] consensus (ijma'), and it was not reported except regarding Maghrib and 'Isha', and their hadith is not authentic, for it is not mentioned in the Sahih [collections] or the Sunan. And the statement of Ahmad: "I have not heard [of it]," indicates that it is nothing. It is not valid to use analogy (qiyas) based on Maghrib and 'Isha' because of the hardship involved in them due to the darkness and harm; nor is it valid to use analogy based on travel, because its hardship is due to the journey and the risk of losing one's companions, which is not found here.
Section: The rain that permits combining is that which wets the garments, and hardship is encountered in going out in it. As for the dew or light rain that does not wet the garments, it does not permit it. Snow is like rain in this regard, because it is of the same meaning, as is hail.
Section: As for mud alone, al-Qadi said: Our companions said: It is an excuse, because hardship is encountered thereby in the footwear and garments, just as it is encountered with rain. This is the view of Malik. Abu al-Khattab mentioned a second position regarding it: that it does not permit it. This is the madhhab of al-Shafi'i and Abu Thawr; because its hardship is less than the hardship of rain, for rain wets the footwear and garments, while mud does not wet them, so it is not valid to use analogy based on it. The first [view] is more correct; because mud soils the garments and footwear, and a person is exposed to slipping, so he and his garments are harmed, and that is greater than being wet, and it has been equated with
(30) Recorded by 'Abd al-Razzaq, in the Chapter: Combining Prayer in Residency, from the Book of Prayer. Al-Musannaf 2/556. See: Talkhis al-Habir by Ibn Hajar, hadith no. 615.
