the ruling of his travel, then he is permitted to shorten [the prayer] therein. Ahmad said regarding someone who entered Mecca and did not resolve to reside for a duration longer than the residency of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) there, such as arriving on the fourth of Dhu al-Hijjah: He is permitted to shorten [the prayer]; this is because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) used to shorten his prayers during his travels until he returned, and when he arrived in Mecca and stayed there for as long as he stayed, he used to shorten his prayers therein. This is contrary to the statement of Aisha and Al-Hasan. There is no difference between intending to return to one's town, as the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did in the Farewell Pilgrimage according to what is in the hadith of Anas, and intending another town, as he (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did in the Conquest campaign according to what is in the hadith of Ibn Abbas.
Section: If he passes on his way through a town where he has family or property. Ahmad said in one instance: He completes [the prayer]. He said in another instance: He completes, unless he is merely passing through. This is the statement of Ibn Abbas. Al-Zuhri said: If he passes by a farm of his, he completes. Malik said: If he passes by a village where his family or property are, he completes, if he intends to stay there for a day and a night. Al-Shafi'i and Ibn al-Mundhir said: He shortens as long as he does not resolve to stay for four [days]; for he is a traveler who has not resolved to stay for four. Our evidence is what was narrated from Uthman that he prayed four rak'ahs in Mina, and the people disapproved of it. He said: "O people, I have acquired family in Mecca since I arrived, and I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'Whoever acquires family in a town, let him pray the prayer of the resident.'" Reported by Imam Ahmad in Al-Musnad (18). Ibn Abbas said: "If you come to family or property of yours, pray the prayer of the resident" (19). And because he is a resident in a town where he has family, he resembles (20) the town from which he traveled.
Section: Ahmad said: Whoever was a resident in Mecca, then went out for Hajj while intending to
(18) Al-Musnad 1/62. (19) Reported by Al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter: The traveler reaches the place where he intends to stay, from the Book of Prayer, Al-Sunan al-Kubra 3/155, 156. And Abd al-Razzaq, in: Chapter: Regarding the distance at which one shortens the prayer, from the Book of Prayer, Al-Musannaf 2/524. And Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: Chapter: Regarding the travel distance at which one shortens the prayer, from the Book of Prayer, Al-Musannaf 2/445. (20) In A, M: "so he resembled".
حكمُ سَفَرِه، فله القَصْرُ فيه. قال أحمدُ، في مَن دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ لم يُجْمِعْ على إقامَةٍ تَزِيدُ على إقامَةِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بها، وهو أن يَقْدَمَ رَابِعَ ذِى الحجَّةِ: فله القَصْرُ؛ وذلك لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- كان في أسْفارِه يَقْصُرُ حتى يَرْجِعَ، وحين قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ وأقامَ بها ما أقامَ كان يَقْصُرُ فيها، وهذا خِلافُ قولِ عائشةَ والحسنِ. ولا فَرْقَ بين أن يَقْصِدَ الرُّجُوعَ إلى بَلَدِه، كما فَعَلَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في حَجَّةِ الوَدَاعِ، على ما في حَدِيثِ أنَسٍ، وبينَ أن يُرِيدَ بَلَدًا آخَرَ، كما فَعَلَ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- في غَزْوَةِ الفَتْحِ، على ما في حَدِيثِ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ.
فصل: وإن مَرَّ في طَرِيقِه على بَلَدٍ له فيه أَهْلٌ أو مالٌ. فقال أحمدُ، في مَوْضِعٍ: يُتِمُّ. وقال في مَوْضِعٍ: يُتِمُّ إلَّا أن يكونَ مَارًّا. وهذا قولُ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وقال الزُّهْرِىُّ: إذا مَرَّ بِمَزْرَعَةٍ له أتَمَّ. وقال مالِكٌ: إذا مَرَّ بقَرْيَةٍ فيها أهْلُه أو مالُه أتَمَّ، إذا أرادَ أن يُقيمَ بها يَوْمًا ولَيْلَةً. وقال الشَّافِعِىُّ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ: يَقْصُرُ، ما لم يُجْمِعْ على إقامَةِ أرْبَعٍ؛ لأنَّه مُسَافِرٌ لم يُجْمِعْ على أرْبَعٍ. ولَنا، ما رُوِىَ عن عُثمانَ، أنَّه صَلَّى بمِنًى أرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ، فأنْكَرَ النَّاسُ عليه، فقال: يا أيُّها الناسُ، إنِّي تَأهَّلْتُ بمَكَّةَ منذُ قَدِمْتُ، وإنِّى سمعتُ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يقولُ: "من تَأَهَّلَ في بَلَدٍ فلْيُصَلِّ صَلَاةَ المُقِيمِ". رَوَاه الإِمامُ أحمدُ، في "المُسْنَدِ" (١٨). وقال ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ: إذا قَدِمْتَ على أهْلٍ لك أو مَالٍ، فصَلِّ صَلَاةَ المُقِيمِ (١٩). ولأنَّه مُقِيمٌ ببَلَدٍ فيه أَهْلُه، أشْبَهَ (٢٠) البَلَدَ الذي سَافَرَ منه.
فصل: قال أحمدُ: مَن كان مُقِيمًا بمَكَّةَ، ثم خَرَجَ إلى الحَجِّ، وهو يُرِيدُ أن
(١٨) المسند ١/ ٦٢.(١٩) أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب المسافر ينتهى إلى الموضع الذي يريد المقام به، من كتاب الصلاة. السنن الكبرى ٣/ ١٥٥، ١٥٦. وعبد الرزاق، في: باب في كم يقصر الصلاة، من كتاب الصلاة. المصنف ٢/ ٥٢٤. وابن أبي شيبة، في: باب في مسيرة كم يقصر الصلاة، من كتاب الصلاة. المصنف ٢/ ٤٤٥.(٢٠) في أ، م: "فأشبه".
