And because the Friday prayer requires proceeding to it from a far place, it is not obligatory upon him, like Hajj and Jihad. Furthermore, he is owned in terms of his benefit and is constrained by his master, thus resembling one who is imprisoned for debt. Moreover, if it were obligatory upon him, it would be permissible for him to proceed to it without his master's permission, and his master would have no right to prevent him, as is the case with other obligatory duties. The verse is specific to those who have excuses, and he is one of them.

Section: The mukatab (slave with a contract of manumission) and the mudabbar (slave promised freedom upon the master's death) have the same ruling in this matter as the qinn (unconditional slave) due to the continuation of servitude in them. Likewise, the person who is partially free, for the right of his master is attached to him. Similarly, nothing falls upon him that is dropped for the slave.

Section: If a traveler intends a residence that prevents shortening [the prayer], but does not intend to make the land a homeland, such as a seeker of knowledge, a stationed guard, a merchant residing to sell his goods, or someone purchasing an item that is not completed except over a long duration, there are two views. One of them is that the Friday prayer is binding upon him due to the generality of the verse and the indication of the reports we have narrated, for the Prophet (peace be upon him) made it obligatory except for the five whom he excepted, and he is not one of them. The second is that it is not obligatory upon him, because he is not a resident (mustawtin), and residency is one of the conditions of obligation. Also, because he did not intend to stay in this land permanently, so he resembles the people of a village who dwell there in the summer and depart from it in the winter. And because they used to stay for a year or two without performing the Friday prayer or the 'Eid prayer. If we say that the Friday prayer is obligatory upon him, the apparent view is that it is not validly established by him, due to the lack of residency which is a condition for its validity.

Section: The Friday prayer is not obligatory upon one who has rain on his path to it that wets his clothes, or mud that makes walking to it difficult. It was narrated from Malik that he did not consider rain an excuse for failing to attend it. Our evidence is what was narrated from Ibn Abbas, that he ordered his caller on a rainy Friday to, when