The minor hadath (ritual impurity) only affects minor purification and does not affect the intended purpose of Ghusl, which is cleansing and removing odor. Furthermore, it is a Ghusl, so a hadath does not invalidate it, like the Ghusl for janabah.
Section: Ghusl requires an intention (niyyah) because it is a purely devotional act (ibadah), thus it requires an intention, just like renewing ablution. If one performs a single Ghusl for both Friday and janabah and intends both, it is sufficient, and we know of no disagreement regarding this. This is narrated from Ibn 'Umar, Mujahid, Makhul, Malik, al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, al-Shafi'i, and Abu Thawr. We have already mentioned that the meaning of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying, "Whoever has intercourse and performs Ghusl" (11), means he had intercourse and then performed Ghusl, and because these are two acts of Ghusl that have combined, they resemble the Ghusl for menstruation and janabah. If one performs Ghusl for janabah without intending the Friday Ghusl, there are two views. The first is that it does not suffice him. It was narrated from some of the descendants of Abu Qatadah that he entered upon him on a Friday while having performed Ghusl, and he asked: "Did you perform Ghusl for Friday?" He replied: "No, but for janabah." He said: "Then repeat the Ghusl for Friday." The basis for this is the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying: "Indeed, every person shall have what he intended" (12). The second view is that it does suffice him because he is a person who has performed Ghusl, so he enters into the generality of the hadith. Also, the intended purpose is cleansing, which is achieved by this Ghusl. It has been narrated in some versions of the hadith: "Whoever performs Ghusl on Friday, the Ghusl of janabah" (13).
Section: Whoever does not attend the Friday prayer is not obligated to perform Ghusl. Ahmad said: "There is no Friday Ghusl for women," and by analogy, this applies to children, travelers, and the sick. Ibn 'Umar and 'Alqamah would not perform Ghusl during travel, although Talhah used to. It is narrated from Mujahid and Tawus, and perhaps they relied upon the generality of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) statement: "Friday Ghusl is mandatory for every person who has reached puberty," and other general reports. Our evidence is his (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying: "Whoever comes to the Friday prayer, let him perform Ghusl" (14). Furthermore, the intended purpose is cleansing and eliminating odor so that others are not harmed by it, and this specifically applies to the one who attends the Friday prayer. The general reports are intended to mean this, which is why it is called "Friday Ghusl." If someone who is not obligated to attend performs it, it is recommended for him due to the generality of the report and the existence of the underlying reason (ma'na) within it.
(11) Its documentation has previously appeared on page 166. (12) Its documentation has previously appeared on page 1/156. (13) Its documentation has previously appeared on page 165.
يُحْدِثْ، والحَدَثُ إنَّما يُؤَثِّرُ في الطَّهارَةِ الصُّغْرَى، ولا يُؤَثِّرُ في المَقْصُودِ من الغُسْلِ، وهو التَّنْظِيفُ، وإزالَةُ الرَّائِحَةِ، ولأنَّه غُسْلٌ، فلا يُؤَثِّرُ الحَدَثُ في إبْطالِهِ، كَغُسْلِ الجَنابَةِ.
فصل: ويَفْتَقِرُ الغُسْلُ إلى النِّيَّةِ؛ لأنَّه عِبَادَةٌ مَحْضَةٌ، فافْتَقَرَ إلى النِّيَّةِ، كتَجْدِيدِ الوُضُوءِ، فإن اغْتَسَلَ لِلْجُمُعَةِ والجَنابَةِ غُسْلًا وَاحِدًا وَنواهُما، أجْزَأهُ، ولا نَعْلَمُ فيه خِلافًا. وَرُوِىَ ذلك عن ابنِ عمرَ، ومُجاهِدٍ، ومَكْحُولٍ، ومالِكٍ، والثَّوْرِىِّ، والأوْزَاعِىِّ، والشَّافِعِىِّ، وأبى ثَوْرٍ. وقد ذَكَرْنَا أنَّ مَعْنَى قولِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "من غَسَّلَ واغْتَسَلَ" (١١) أي جَامَعَ، واغْتَسَلَ، ولأنَّهما غُسْلانِ اجْتَمَعَا، فأَشْبَهَا غُسْلَ الحَيْضِ والجَنابَةِ، وإن اغْتَسَلَ لِلْجَنَابَةِ، ولم يَنْوِ غُسْلَ الجُمُعَةِ، ففيه وَجْهَانِ؛ أحَدُهُما لا يُجْزِئُه. وَرُوِىَ عن بعضِ بَنِى أبى قَتادَةَ، أنَّه دَخَلَ عليه يَوْمَ الجُمُعَةِ مُغْتَسِلًا، فقال: لِلْجُمُعَةِ اغْتَسَلْتَ؟ فقال: لا، ولكن لِلْجَنابَةِ. قال: فأعِدْ غُسْلَ الجُمُعَةِ. وَوَجْهُ ذلك قولُ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "وإنَّمَا لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى" (١٢). والثَّانِى يُجْزِئُه؛ لأنَّه مُغْتَسِلٌ، فيَدخُلُ في عُمُومِ الحَدِيثِ، ولأنَّ المَقْصُودَ التَّنْظِيفُ، وهو حَاصِلٌ بهذا الغُسْلِ، وقد رُوِىَ في بعضِ الحَدِيثِ: "من اغْتَسَلَ يَوْمَ الجُمُعَةِ غُسْلَ الجَنَابَةِ" (١٣).
فصل: ومَن لا يَأْتِى الجُمُعَةَ فلا غُسْلَ عليه. قال أحمدُ: ليس على النِّساءِ غُسْلُ يَوْمِ الجُمُعَةِ، وعلى قِياسِهِنَّ الصِّبْيانُ والمُسافِرُ والمَرِيضُ. وكان ابنُ عمرَ، وعَلْقَمَةُ، لا يَغْتَسِلانِ في السَّفَرِ، وكان طَلْحَةُ يَغْتَسِلُ. وَرُوِىَ عن مُجَاهِدٍ، وطَاوُسٍ، ولَعَلَّهُم أخَذُوا بِعُمُومِ قَوْلِه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "غُسْلُ الجُمُعَةِ وَاجِبٌ على كُلِّ
(١١) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٦٦.(١٢) تقدم تخريجه في ١/ ١٥٦.(١٣) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٦٥.