Indeed, the cooling [delaying] of the Dhuhr prayer during extreme heat was only established to ward off the hardship that would be even greater if the cooling [delay] were applied to the Friday prayer.
Section: If an Eid coincides with a Friday, attendance of the Friday prayer is dropped for the one who performed the Eid prayer, except for the Imam, for it is not dropped for him unless he does not (14) have those who can pray the Friday prayer with him. It is said that there are two narrations regarding its obligation upon the Imam. Among those who said it is dropped are al-Sha'bi, al-Nakha'i, and al-Awza'i. It is also said that this is the view of 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali, Sa'id, Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, and Ibn al-Zubayr. Most jurists said the Friday prayer is obligatory due to the generality of the verse and the reports indicating its obligation, and because they are two obligatory prayers, so one does not replace the other, like Dhuhr with Eid. Our evidence is what Iyas ibn Abi Ramlah al-Shami narrated, saying: I witnessed Mu'awiyah asking Zayd ibn Arqam: Did you witness two Eids gather on one day with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)? He said: Yes. He asked: How did he act? He said: He performed the Eid prayer, then granted a concession regarding the Friday prayer, saying: "Whoever wishes to pray [it], let him pray." Recorded by Abu Dawud, and recorded (15) by Imam Ahmad, and his wording is: "Whoever wishes to perform the Friday prayer, let him perform it" (16). From Abu Hurayrah, from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "Two Eids have gathered for you on this day of yours; whoever wishes, it suffices him [instead] of the Friday prayer, and we are performing the Friday prayer." Recorded (17) by Ibn Majah (18). Similar [narrations] from Ibn 'Umar and Ibn 'Abbas from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). And because the Friday prayer only exceeds the Dhuhr prayer
(14) Omitted from A and M. (15) "Recorded" (rawahu) omitted from A and M. (16) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter: If Friday coincides with an Eid day, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/246. And by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/372. It was also recorded by Ibn Majah, in: Chapter: What has been narrated regarding what happens if two Eids gather on one day, from the Book of Establishing Prayer. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/415. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter: If two Eids gather on one day, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan al-Darimi 1/378. (17) In the original: "rawahuma" (recorded them both); see the previous documentation. (18) Its documentation was previously cited on page 240.
وإنَّما جُعِلَ الإِبْرادُ بالظُّهْرِ في شِدَّةِ الحَرِّ دَفْعًا لِلْمَشَقَّةِ التي يَحْصُلُ أعْظَمُ منها بالإِبْرادِ بالجُمُعَةِ.
فصل: وإن اتَّفَقَ عِيدٌ في يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ، سَقَطَ حُضُورُ الجُمُعَةِ عَمَّنْ صَلَّى العِيدَ، إلَّا الإِمامَ، فإنَّها لا تَسْقُطُ عنه إلَّا أن لا (١٤) يَجْتَمِعَ له من يُصَلِّي به الجُمُعَةَ. وقيل: في وُجُوبِها على الإِمامِ رِوَايَتَان وممَّن قال بِسُقُوطِها الشَّعْبِيُّ، والنَّخَعِيُّ، والأوْزَاعِيُّ. وقيل: هذا مذهبُ عمرَ، وعثمانَ، وعليٍّ، وسَعِيدٍ، وابنِ عمرَ، وابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وابنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وقال أكْثَرُ الفُقَهَاءِ تَجِبُ الجُمُعَةُ؛ لِعُمُومِ الآيَةِ، والأخْبَارِ الدَّالَّةِ على وُجُوبِها، ولأنَّهما صلاتانِ واجِبتانِ، فلم تَسْقُطْ إحْدَاهُما بالأُخْرَى، كالظُّهْرِ مع العِيدِ. ولَنا، ما رَوَى إيَاسُ بن أبي رَمْلَةَ الشَّامِيُّ، قال: شَهِدْتُ معاويةَ يَسْأَلُ زيدَ بنَ أَرْقَم: هل شَهِدْتَ مع رسولِ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عِيدَيْنِ اجْتَمَعَا في يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ؟ قال: نعم. قال: فكيف صَنَعَ؟ قال: صَلَّى العِيدَ، ثم رَخَّصَ في الجُمُعَةِ، فقال: "مَنْ شَاءَ أنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيُصَلِّ". رَوَاه أبُو دَاوُدَ، ورَوَاهُ (١٥) الإِمامُ أحمدُ، ولَفْظُه: "مَنْ شَاءَ أنْ يُجَمِّعَ فَلْيُجَمِّعْ" (١٦). وعن أبي هُرَيْرَةَ، عن رسولِ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "اجْتَمَعَ في يَوْمِكُم هذا عِيدَانِ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ أجْزَأَهُ مِنَ الجُمُعَةِ، وإنَّا مُجَمِّعُونَ". رَوَاه (١٧) ابن مَاجَه (١٨). وعن ابنِ عمرَ، وابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عن النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- نَحْوُ ذلك. ولأنَّ الجُمُعَةَ إنَّما زَادتْ عن الظُّهْرِ
(١٤) سقط من: أ، م.(١٥) سقط: "رواه" من: أ، م.(١٦) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب إذا وافق يوم الجمعة يوم عيد، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٢٤٦. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ٣٧٢. كما أخرجه ابن ماجه، في: باب ما جاء فيما إذا اجتمع العيدان في يوم، من كتاب إقامة الصلاة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٤١٥. والدارمي، في: باب إذا اجتمع عيدان في يوم، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن الدارمي ١/ ٣٧٨.(١٧) في الأصل: "رواهما" وانظر التخريج السابق.(١٨) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٢٤٠.
