{Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship, and that you may complete the period and that you may glorify Allah for that which He has guided you}.
Section: It is recommended to say the takbir on the way to the Eid prayer and to raise the voice with the takbir. Ibn Abi Musa said: People shall say the takbir as they leave their homes for the two Eid prayers, out loud, until the Imam arrives at the prayer ground. People shall say the takbir along with the Imam's takbir during his sermon, and they shall remain silent during other parts. Sa'id said: Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad narrated to us, [who said] Ubayd Allah ibn Umar narrated to us, from Nafi', from Ibn Umar, that when he left his house for the Eid, he would say the takbir until he reached the prayer ground (4). This is also narrated from Sa'id ibn Jubayr and Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, and there is a difference of opinion regarding it attributed to Ibrahim.
Section: The Qadi said: The takbir in al-Adha is absolute (mutlaq) and restricted (muqayyad); the restricted [takbir] is after the prayers, and the absolute [takbir] is in every situation, in the markets, and at all times. As for al-Fitr, its sunnah is absolute, not restricted, according to the apparent statement of Ahmad, and this is the apparent view of al-Khiraqi. Abu al-Khattab said: One says the takbir from the sunset of the night of al-Fitr until the Imam goes out for the prayer, according to one of the two narrations, which is the view of al-Shafi'i. In the other [narration, it is] until the Imam finishes the prayer.
299 - Issue; He said: (And when they reach morning, they purify themselves)
The general import of this is that it is recommended to purify oneself by performing ghusl (ritual bathing) for the Eid. Ibn Umar used to perform ghusl on the day of al-Fitr, and this is narrated from Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. Alqama, Urwa, Ata', al-Nakha'i, al-Sha'bi, Qatada, Abu al-Zinad, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ibn al-Mundhir held this view, due to what Ibn Abbas and al-Fakih ibn Sa'd (1) narrated, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to perform ghusl.
(4) See what follows on page 263 regarding Ibn Umar. (1) Al-Fakih ibn Sa'd ibn Jubayr al-Ansari al-Awsi, a companion [of the Prophet]. He witnessed [the Battle of] Siffin with Ali and was killed there. Usd al-Ghabah, 4/349.
الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ}.
فصل: ويُسْتَحَبُّ أنْ يُكَبِّرَ في طَرِيقِ العِيدِ، ويَجْهَرَ بالتَّكْبِيرِ. قال ابنُ أبي موسى: يُكَبِّرُ النَّاسُ في خُرُوجِهم من مَنازِلِهم لِصلاتَىِ العِيدَيْنِ جَهْرًا، حتى يَأْتِىَ الإِمامُ المُصَلَّى، ويُكَبِّرُ النَّاسُ بِتَكْبِيرِ الإِمامِ في خُطْبَتِه، ويُنْصِتُونَ فيما سِوَى ذلك. قال سَعِيدٌ: حدَّثنا عبدُ العزيزِ بن محمدٍ، حدَّثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بن عمرَ، عن نافِعٍ، عن ابْنِ عمرَ، أنَّه كان إذا خَرَجَ من بَيْتِه إلى العِيدِ كَبَّرَ حتى يَأْتِىَ المُصَلَّى (٤). وَرُوِىَ ذلك عن سَعِيدِ بن جُبَيْرٍ، وعبدِ الرحمنِ ابن أبي لَيْلَى، واخْتُلِف فيه عن إبراهيمَ.
فصل: قال القاضي: التَّكْبِيرُ في الأضْحَى مُطْلَقٌ ومُقَيَّدٌ؛ فالمُقَيَّدُ عَقِيبَ الصَّلَوَاتِ. والمُطْلَقُ في كلِّ حالٍ في الأسْواقِ، وفى كلِّ زَمانٍ. وأما الفِطْرُ فَمَسْنُونُه مُطْلَقٌ غيرُ مُقَيَّدٍ، على ظاهِرِ كلامِ أحمدَ. وهو ظاهِرُ كلامِ الْخِرَقِىِّ. وقال أبو الخَطَّابِ: يُكَبَّرُ من غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ مِن لَيْلَةِ الفِطْرِ إلى خُرُوجِ الإِمامِ إلى الصلاةِ، في إحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ. وهو قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِىِّ. وفى الأُخْرَى إلى فَرَاغِ الإِمامِ مِن الصلاةِ.
٢٩٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (فإذا أَصْبَحُوا تَطَهَّرُوا)
وجُمْلَتُه أنَّه يُسْتَحَبُّ أن يَتَطَهَّرَ بالغُسْلِ لِلْعِيدِ، وكان ابنُ عمرَ يَغْتَسِلُ يَوْمَ الفِطْرِ، وَرُوِىَ ذلك عن عليٍّ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، وبه قال عَلْقَمَةُ، وعُرْوَةُ، وعَطاءٌ، والنَّخَعِىُّ، والشَّعْبِىُّ، وقَتَادَةُ، وأبو الزِّنَادِ، ومَالِكٌ، والشَّافِعِىُّ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ؛ لما رَوَى ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ، والْفَاكِهُ بنُ سَعْدٍ (١)، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- كان يَغْتَسِلُ
(٤) انظر ما يأتى في صفحة ٢٦٣ عن ابن عمر.(١) الفاكه بن سعد بن جبير الأنصاري الأوسى الصحابى، شهد صفين مع على، وقتل بها. أسد الغابة ٤/ ٣٤٩.
