Section: The prayer leadership (imama) of a mute person is not valid for one like himself, nor for anyone else, because he leaves out a pillar, which is the recitation, with no hope of it being remedied. Thus, his leadership is not valid, like one who is incapable of bowing (ruku') and prostration (sujud).
Section: The prayer leadership of a deaf person is valid, because he does not invalidate any of the acts of the prayer nor its conditions, so he resembles the blind person. If he is both deaf and blind, his leadership is valid for the same reason. Some of our companions said: His leadership is not valid, because if he commits a mistake, it is not possible to alert him through glorification (tasbih) or gestures. The more correct view is that it is valid, for the possibility of an unforeseen contingency that is not certain to occur does not prevent the validity of the prayer, similar to a person who is insane during his periods of lucidity.
Section: As for one who has had his hands amputated, Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "I have not heard anything regarding this." Al-Amidi mentioned two narrations regarding him. The first is that his leadership is valid. Al-Qadi chose this, because it is an incapacity that does not invalidate a pillar of the prayer, so it does not prevent the validity of his leadership, just like one whose foot or nose has been amputated. The second is that it is not valid. Abu Bakr chose this, because he fails to prostrate upon some of the organs of prostration, so he resembles one who is incapable of prostrating upon his forehead. The ruling for one whose single hand has been amputated is the same as the ruling for when both are amputated. As for one whose legs have been amputated, the following of him in prayer is not valid, because he is despaired of ever standing, so his leadership is not valid, like one who is chronically ill (zamin). If he has had one of his legs amputated but can still stand, his leadership is valid. It could be inferred from the statement of Abu Bakr that his leadership is not valid because of his failure to prostrate upon an organ. The first [view] is more correct, because he prostrates upon what remains of his leg or its stump.
253 - Issue; He said: (If an ummi leads another ummi and a reciter in prayer, the reciter alone repeats it.)
An ummi (unlettered person) is one who cannot recite the Fatiha well or [cannot recite] part of it, or who mispronounces a letter of it, even if he recites other things well. It is not permissible for one who can recite it well to follow him [in prayer], but it is valid for one like him to follow him. For this reason, al-Khiraqi specified that only the reciter repeats it when an ummi leads both an ummi and a reciter. Al-Qadi said: This
