it is not obligatory for him to make up for missed prayers or fasting (29). As for the aforementioned hadiths, they are by way of intimidation and likening him to the disbelievers, not in reality, such as his statement (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Insulting a Muslim is a wicked act (fusuq), and fighting him is disbelief (kufr)" (30). And his statement: "Disbelief in Allah is renouncing one's lineage, even if it is minor" (31). And his statement: "Whoever says to his brother, 'O disbeliever,' has indeed incurred it [the disbelief] upon one of the two" (32). And his statement: "Whoever has intercourse with a menstruating woman or a woman in her anus has indeed disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad" (33). He said: "And whoever says, 'We have been given rain by the rising of such-and-such star,' he is a disbeliever in Allah, a believer in the stars" (34). And his statement: "Whoever swears by other than Allah has committed polytheism (shirk)" (35). And his statement:
(29) Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah mentioned that one who does not pray is to be commanded to pray; if he refuses, he is to be punished until he prays, by the consensus of the scholars. Then, most of them deem it obligatory to kill him if he does not pray, so he is to be asked to repent; if he repents, he is spared, otherwise he is killed. Is he to be killed as a disbeliever, an apostate, or a sinner? There are two well-known opinions in the madhhab of Ahmad and others. What is narrated from the majority of the Salaf implies his disbelief, and this is even while acknowledging its obligation. Majmu' al-Fatawa, 28/359, 360. See the indices, 37/48. (30) Documented by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter of the believer's fear that his deeds will be nullified while he is unaware, from the Book of Faith; and in: Chapter of what is forbidden regarding insulting and cursing, from the Book of Manners; and in: Chapter of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) statement "Do not return after me as disbelievers, striking one another's necks," from the Book of Tribulations (al-Fitan). Sahih al-Bukhari, 1/19, 8/18, 9/63. And Muslim, in: Chapter of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) statement "Insulting a Muslim is a wicked act, and fighting him is disbelief," from the Book of Faith. Sahih Muslim, 1/81. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter of what has been narrated regarding reviling, from the chapters of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties, and in: Chapter of what has been narrated that insulting a believer is a wicked act, from the chapters of Faith. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi, 8/152, 10/102. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter of fighting a Muslim, from the Book of Prohibition. Al-Mujtaba, 7/111. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on Faith, from the Introduction, and in: Chapter of insulting a Muslim is a wicked act and fighting him is disbelief, from the Book of Tribulations. Sunan Ibn Majah, 1/27, 2/1299. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad, 1/176, 178, 385, 411, 417, 433, 439, 446, 454, 460. (31) Documented by Ibn Majah, in: Chapter of one who denies his child, from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan Ibn Majah, 2/916. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter of one who attributes himself to other than his father, from the Book of Shares of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi, 2/343. (32) Documented by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter of one who accuses his brother of disbelief without interpretation is as he said, from the Book of Faith. Sahih al-Bukhari, 8/32. And Muslim, in: Chapter of clarifying the state of faith of one who says to his Muslim brother 'O disbeliever,' from the Book of Faith. Sahih Muslim, 1/79. And Imam Malik, in: Chapter of what is disliked of speech, from the Book of Speech. Al-Muwatta', 2/984. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad, 2/18, 44, 60, 105, 113. (33) Its documentation preceded in 1/417. (34) Documented by al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter of the dislike of seeking rain through stars, from the Book of Rain-Seeking Prayer (Istisqa'). Al-Mujtaba, 3/133, 134. And al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter of the dislike of seeking rain through the constellations (anwa'), from the Book of Rain-Seeking Prayer. Al-Sunan al-Kubra, 3/357, 358. (35) Documented by al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter: Qutaybah narrated to us, from the chapters of Vows. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi, 7/18. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad, 2/125.
