the men, and her prayer was not invalidated, so the prayer of the one next to her is even more so not invalidated.
256 - Issue; He said: "The owner of the house is more entitled to lead the prayer, unless one of them possesses authority."
In summary, if the congregational prayer is established in a house, its owner is more entitled to lead the prayer than others, even if there is someone present who is better at recitation and more learned in jurisprudence than him, provided that he is someone who is capable of leading them and their prayer is valid behind him. This was practiced by Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Dharr, and Hudhayfah, and we have already mentioned their hadith (1). This is also the opinion of 'Ata' and al-Shafi'i, and we know of no disagreement regarding this. The basis for it is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "A man should not be led in prayer in his house, nor in his place of authority, and no one should sit in his seat of honor except with his permission." Recorded by Muslim and others (2). Malik ibn al-Huwayrith narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Whoever visits a people, let him not lead them; rather, a man from among them should lead them." Recorded by Abu Dawud (3). If a person with authority is in the house, he is more entitled than the owner of the house, because his authority extends over the house, its owner, and others. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) led 'Itban ibn Malik and Anas in their houses (4).
Section: The regular Imam of the mosque is more entitled than others, because he is in the same position as the owner of the house.
= 6/37, 103, 126, 134, 199, 200, 231, 260, 275. (1) Previously mentioned on page 26. (2) Recorded by Muslim, in: The Chapter on who is more entitled to lead the prayer, from the Book of Mosques. Sahih Muslim 1/465. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on who is more entitled to lead the prayer, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/137. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on who is more entitled to lead the prayer, from the Chapters on Prayer, and in: The Chapter on what was narrated to us by Hannad... etc., from the Chapters on Etiquette. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 2/34, 10/225. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on who is more entitled to lead the prayer, and the Chapter on the gathering of a people among whom is a governor, from the Book of Imamate. Al-Mujtaba 2/59, 60. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on who is more entitled to lead the prayer, from the Book of Establishing Prayer. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/313, 314. (3) In: The Chapter on the visitor leading the prayer, from the Book of Prayer. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/140. It was also recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what was said regarding one who visits a people and does not lead them in prayer, from the Chapters on Prayer. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 2/150, 151. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 3/436, 437, 5/53. (4) See what was previously mentioned in 2/480.
الرِّجالِ، ولم تَفْسُدْ صَلاتُها، فصلاةُ مَن يَلِيها أَوْلَى.
٢٥٦ - مسألة؛ قال: (وصَاحِبُ البَيْتِ أحَقُّ بالْإِمَامَةِ إلَّا أن يَكُونَ بَعْضُهُمْ ذَا سُلْطَانٍ)
وجُمْلَتُه أنَّ الجَماعةَ إذا أُقِيمَتْ في بيتٍ، فصَاحِبُه أوْلَى بالإِمامةِ من غيرِه، وإنْ كان فيه مَن هو أَقْرَأُ منه وأَفْقَه، إذا كان ممَّن يُمْكِنُه إمامَتُهم، وتَصِحُّ صَلَاتُهم وَرَاءَه، فَعَلَ ذلك ابنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وأبو ذَرٍّ، وحُذَيْفَةُ، وقد ذَكَرْنا حَدِيثَهم (١)، وبه قال عَطاءٌ، والشَّافِعِيُّ. ولا نَعْلَمُ فيه خِلَافًا، والأصْلُ فيه قولُ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "ولا يُؤَمَّنَّ الرَّجُلُ في بَيْتِهِ، ولا في سُلْطَانِهِ، ولا يُجْلَسُ عَلَى تَكْرِمَتِهِ إلَّا بإذْنِهِ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ وغيرُه (٢). ورَوَى مالِكُ بنُ الحُوَيْرِثِ، عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ زَارَ قَوْمًا فَلَا يَؤُمَّهُم ولْيَؤُمَّهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ". رَوَاه أبو دَاوُدَ (٣). وإن كان في البيتِ ذُو سُلْطَانٍ فهو أحَقُّ مِن صَاحِبِ البَيْتِ؛ لأنَّ وِلَايَتَهُ على البَيْتِ وعَلَى صاحِبِه وغيرِه، وقد أَمَّ النَّبِيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عِتْبَانَ بنَ مالِكٍ وأَنَسًا في بُيُوتِهِمَا (٤).
فصل: وإمَامُ المَسْجِدِ الرَّاتِبِ أوْلَى من غيرِه؛ لأنَّه في مَعْنَى صاحِبِ البَيْتِ
= ٦/ ٣٧، ١٠٣، ١٢٦، ١٣٤، ١٩٩، ٢٠٠، ٢٣١، ٢٦٠، ٢٧٥.(١) تقدم في صفحة ٢٦.(٢) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب من أحق بالإِمامة، من كتاب المساجد. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٤٦٥. وأبو داود، في: باب من حق بالإِمامة، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٣٧. والترمذي، في: باب من أحق بالإِمامة، من أبواب الصلاة، وفى: باب حدثنا هناد. . . إلخ، من أبواب الأدب. عارضة الأحوذى ٢/ ٣٤، ١٠/ ٢٢٥. والنسائي، في: باب من أحق بالإِمامة، وباب اجتماع القوم وفيهم الوالى، من كتاب الإِمامة. المجتبى ٢/ ٥٩، ٦٠. وابن ماجه، في: باب من أحق بالإِمامة، من كتاب الإِقامة. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٣١٣، ٣١٤.(٣) في: باب إمامة الزائر، من كتاب الصلاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ١٤٠. وكذلك أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء فيمن زار قوما لا يصلى، من أبواب الصلاة. عارضة الأحوذى ٢/ ١٥٠، ١٥١. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٤٣٦، ٤٣٧، ٥/ ٥٣.(٤) انظر ما تقدم في ٢/ ٤٨٠.
