Based on this, the closest of them is prioritized, then the next closest, just as in the case of a man. It is reported from him that women are not able to enter the grave nor bury [the deceased]. This is more correct and better, for when the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away, he commanded Abu Talha, who then descended into her grave. It is reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "Which of you has not engaged in marital relations tonight?" Abu Talha said: "I have." The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, commanded him, so he descended (4), and he placed her in her grave. [Extracted by Al-Bukhari] (5). The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, saw women at a funeral and said: "Are you going to carry it?" They said: "No." He said: "Will you lower it among those who are lowering it?" They said: "No." He said: "Then return with your sins, not rewarded." Extracted by Ibn Majah (6). This is a rhetorical question of disapproval, which proves that such an act is not prescribed for them under any circumstances. How could it be prescribed for them when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade them from following funerals (7)? Furthermore, if it were prescribed, it would have been practiced during the era of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, or his successors, and would have been reported from some of the Imams. Additionally, funerals are attended by crowds of men, and the descent of women into the grave in front of them is an indignity to them, along with their inability to perform the burial and their weakness in carrying the deceased woman and turning her, so it is not prescribed. However, if her mahram is absent, it is recommended that elderly men perform this, because they have less carnal desire and are further removed from temptation, as well as those among the virtuous people and the people of religion who follow them, because the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, commanded Abu Talha, who descended into his daughter's grave, to the exclusion of others.
Section: As for a man, the most entitled person to bury him is the one among his relatives who is most entitled to lead the funeral prayer over him, because the intention is to seek what is best for the deceased and to be gentle with him. Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "A man is handled by his family (8)." And when the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away, al-Abbas, Ali, and Usama placed him in his lahd (niche). Extracted by Abu Dawud (8).
(4) Omitted from: the original. (5) Omitted from: the original, A. It was extracted by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, "The deceased is punished by some of the wailing of his family over him..." etc., and as a mu'allaq (hanging) report in: The Chapter on who enters the woman's grave, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/100, 101, 114. (6) Its extraction was mentioned previously on page 402. (7) Its extraction was mentioned previously on page 401. (8) In: The Chapter on how many enter the grave?, from the Book of Funerals. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/190.
وعلى هذا يُقَدَّمُ الأقْرَبُ مِنْهُنَّ فالأقْرَبُ، كما في حَقِّ الرَّجُلِ. وَرُوِى عنه أنَّ النِّساءَ لا يَسْتَطِعْنَ أن يَدْخُلْنَ القَبْرَ، ولا يَدْفِنَّ. وهذا أصَحُّ وأحْسَنُ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- حين ماتَتْ ابْنَتُه أمَرَ أبا طَلْحَةَ، فنَزَلَ في قَبْرِهَا. وَرُوِىَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "أيُّكُمْ لَمْ يُقَارِفِ اللَّيْلَةَ؟ " قال أبو طَلْحَةَ: أنا. فأمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فنَزَلَ (٤)، فأدْخَلَها قَبْرَها. [رَوَاهُ البُخَارِىُّ] (٥). ورَأى النَّبِيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- النِّساءَ في جِنَازَةٍ، فقال: "هَلْ تَحْمِلْنَ؟ " قلن: لا. قال: "هَلْ تُدْلِينَ فِي مَنْ يُدْلِى؟ " قلن: لا. قال: "فَارْجِعْنَ مَأْزُورَاتٍ غَيْرَ مَأْجُورَاتٍ". رَوَاهُ ابنُ مَاجَه (٦). وهذا اسْتِفْهَامُ إنْكارٍ، فَدَلَّ على أنَّ ذلك غيرُ مَشْرُوعٍ لَهُنَّ بحالٍ، وكيْف يُشْرَعُ لَهُنَّ وقد نَهاهُنَّ رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن اتِّباعِ الجَنائِزِ (٧)؟ ولأنَّ ذلك لو كان مَشْروعًا لَفُعِلَ في عَصْرِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أو خُلَفائِه، ولَنُقِلَ عن بعضِ الأئِمَّةِ، ولأنَّ الجِنازَةَ يَحْضُرُها جُمُوعُ الرِّجالِ، وفى نُزُولِ النِّساءِ في القَبْرِ بين أَيْدِيهم هَتْكٌ لَهُنَّ، مع عَجْزِهِنَّ عن الدَّفْنِ، وضَعْفِهِنَّ عن حَمْلِ المَيِّتَةِ وتَقْلِيبِهَا، فلا يُشْرَعُ. لكنْ إن عُدِمَ مَحْرَمُها، اسْتُحِبَّ ذلك لِلْمَشَايِخِ؛ لأنَّهم أقَلُّ شَهْوَةً، وأبْعَدُ من الفِتْنَةِ، وكذلك من يَلِيهم من فُضَلاءِ النَّاسِ وأَهْلِ الدِّينِ؛ لأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أمَرَ أبا طَلْحَةَ، فَنَزَلَ في قَبْرِ ابْنَتِه، دونَ غَيرِه.
فصل: فأمَّا الرَّجُلُ فأوْلَى النَّاسِ بِدَفْنِه أوْلاهُمْ بالصَّلَاةِ عليه من أقارِبِهِ؛ لأنَّ القَصْدَ طَلَبُ الحَظِّ لِلْمَيِّتِ، والرِّفْقُ به. قال علىٌّ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه: إنَّما يَلِى الرَّجُلَ أَهْلُه (٨). ولما تُوُفِّىَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أَلْحَدَهُ العَبَّاسُ، وعَلِىٌّ، وأُسَامَةُ. رَوَاهُ أبو دَاوُدَ (٨).
(٤) سقط من: الأصل.(٥) سقط من: الأصل، أ. وأخرجه البخاري، في: باب قول النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يعذب الميت ببعض بكاء أهله عليه. . . . إلخ، وتعليقا في: باب من يدخل قبر المرأة، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح البخاري ٢/ ١٠٠، ١٠١, ١١٤.(٦) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٤٠٢.(٧) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٤٠١.(٨) في: باب كم يدخل القبر؟ ، من كتاب الجنائز. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ١٩٠.
