She said: "By Allah, had I been present with you, you would not have been buried except where you died, and had I witnessed your situation, I would not have visited you" (44). This is because it is easier regarding the effort involved, and safer for him from decomposition. However, if there is a valid reason, it is permissible. Ahmad said: "I know of no harm in transporting a man who dies in his land to another land." Al-Zuhri was asked about that, and he said: "Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and Sa'id ibn Zayd were transported from al-'Aqiq to al-Madinah." Ibn 'Uyaynah said: "Ibn 'Umar died here, and he willed that he should not be buried here, but rather that he be buried at Sarif" (45).
Section: If two of the heirs dispute, one of them says: "He shall be buried in the public cemetery," and the other says: "He shall be buried on his own property," he shall be buried in the public cemetery, because there is no obligation of gratitude (minnah) attached to it, and it is less harmful to the heir. If they persist in disagreement regarding the shroud, the opinion of the one who says "We shall shroud him from his own property" is prioritized, because its harm upon the heir is due to the burden of gratitude, while shrouding him from his own wealth is of little harm. Ahmad was asked about a man who wills to be buried in his house. He said: "He shall be buried in the cemeteries along with the Muslims, for if he is buried in his house, it would harm the heirs." He also said: "There is no harm in a man purchasing his own burial plot and willing to be buried in it, as 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, 'Aishah, and 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, may Allah be pleased with them, did."
Section: If two people contend (46) over burial in a public cemetery, the one who preceded the other is given priority, just as if they disputed over market stalls or the courtyards of mosques. If they are equal, lots shall be drawn between them.
Section: If it is certain that the deceased has decayed and become bones, it is permissible to dig up his grave and bury another person
(44) Extracted by al-Tirmidhi in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Women Visiting Graves, from the Chapters on Funerals, 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/275; al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter on Those Who Disliked Transporting the Deceased from One Land to Another, from the Book of Funerals, al-Sunan al-Kubra 4/57; and 'Abd al-Razzaq in: The Chapter on Not Transporting a Man from Where He Dies, from the Book of Funerals, al-Musannaf 3/517. (45) Sarif: A place six miles from Makkah. Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/77. (46) In (M): "tanaaza'a" (they disputed).
قالت: واللهِ لو حَضَرْتُكَ ما دُفِنْتَ إلَّا حيثُ مُتَّ، ولو شَهِدْتُكَ ما زُرْتُكَ (٤٤). ولأنَّ ذلك أخَفُّ لِمُؤْنَتِه وأسْلَم له من التَّغْيِيرِ. فأمَّا إنْ كان فيه غَرَضٌ صَحِيحٌ جَازَ. وقال أحمد: ما أعْلَمُ بِنَقْلِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ في بَلَدِهِ إلى بَلَدٍ أُخْرَى بَأْسًا. وسُئِلَ الزُّهْرِىُّ عن ذلك، فقال: قد حُمِلَ سعدُ بن أبي وَقَّاصٍ، وسَعِيدُ بن زيدٍ، من العَقيقِ إلى المَدِينَةِ. وقال ابنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: ماتَ ابنُ عمرَ هنا، فأوْصَى أن لا يُدْفَنَ ها هُنا، وأن يُدْفَنَ بِسَرِفٍ (٤٥).
فصل: وإذا تَنَازَعَ اثْنَانِ من الوَرَثَةِ، فقال أحَدُهما: يُدْفَنُ في المَقْبَرَةِ المُسَبَّلَة. وقال الآخر: يُدْفَنُ في مِلْكِهِ. دُفِنَ في المُسَبَّلَة؛ لأنَّه لا مِنَّةَ فيه، وهو أقَلُّ ضَرَرًا على الوَارِثِ. فإنْ تَشَاحَّا في الكَفَنِ، قُدِّمَ قَوْلُ مَن قال نَكْفِنُه من مِلْكِه؛ لأنَّ ضَرَرَهُ على الوَارِثِ بِلُحُوقِ المِنَّةِ، وتَكْفِينُهُ من مالِه قَلِيلُ الضَّرَرِ. وسُئِلَ أحمدُ عن الرَّجُلِ يُوصِى أن يُدْفَنَ في دَارِهِ. قال: يُدْفَنُ في المَقابِرِ مع المُسْلِمِينَ، وإن دُفِنَ في دَارِهِ أضَرَّ بِالوَرَثَةِ. وقال: لا بَأْسَ أن يَشْتَرِىَ الرَّجُلُ مَوْضِعَ قَبْرِه، ويُوصِىَ أن يُدْفَنَ فيه، فَعَلَ ذلك عثمانُ بنُ عَفانَ، وعائشةُ، وعمرُ بن عبدِ العزِيزِ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنهم.
فصل: إذا تَشَاحَّ (٤٦) اثْنَانِ في الدَّفْنِ في المَقْبَرَةِ المُسَبَّلَة، قُدِّمَ أسْبَقُهما، كما لو تنازَعَا في مَقاعِدِ الأَسْواقِ، ورِحابِ المَساجِدِ، فإن تَساوَيَا أُقْرِعَ بَيْنَهما.
فصل: وإنْ تَيَقَّنَ أن المَيِّتَ قد بَلِىَ وصَارَ رَمِيمًا، جازَ نَبْشُ قَبرِه، ودَفْنُ غَيْرِه
(٤٤) أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في زيارة القبور للنساء، من أبواب الجنائز. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ٢٧٥. والبيهقي، في: باب من كره نقل الموتى من أرض إلى أرض، من كتاب الجنائز. السنن الكبرى ٤/ ٥٧. وعبد الرزاق، في: باب لا ينقل الرجل من حيث يموت، من كتاب الجنائز. المصنف ٣/ ٥١٧.(٤٥) سرف: موضع على ستة أميال من مكة. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٧.(٤٦) في م: "تنازع".
