therein. If he is uncertain about that, he shall refer to experts. If he digs and finds bones, he shall rebury them and dig in another place. Ahmad stipulated this (47), and reasoned that breaking the bone of a deceased person is like breaking the bone of a living person. Ahmad was asked about a deceased person being removed from his grave to another; he said: "If there is something causing him harm." Talhah was moved, and 'Aishah was moved. He was asked about a group of people who were buried in orchards and unsuitable places; he said: "Mu'adh exhumed his wife, and she had been shrouded in rags, so he shrouded her [anew]." Abu 'Abd Allah saw no harm in them being relocated.
370 - Issue: He said: (And whoever misses the funeral prayer over him, prays over the grave.)
The summary of this is that whoever misses the funeral prayer over the deceased may perform the prayer over him as long as he is not buried. If he has been buried, he may pray [over the grave] for up to a month. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars among the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and others. It is narrated from Abu Musa, Ibn 'Umar, and 'Aishah, may Allah be pleased with them. Al-Awza'i and al-Shafi'i held this view as well. Al-Nakha'i, al-Thawri, Malik, and Abu Hanifah said: The funeral prayer shall not be repeated for the deceased, except for the guardian (wali) if he was absent; nor shall the prayer be performed over the grave except in that instance. They argued that if that were permissible, the grave of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would have been prayed over in all eras. Our evidence is what has been narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) mentioned a man who had died, then said: "Direct me to his grave." He came to his grave and prayed over it. This is agreed upon (2). Also, from Ibn 'Abbas, that he passed with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) by a grave that was isolated, so he led them in prayer and they prayed behind him (3). Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said...
(47) Omitted from (Al-Asl). (1) In (Al-Asl): "alayha" (over her). (2) Extracted by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on Sweeping the Mosque and Picking Up Rags, Impurities, and Twigs, from the Book of Prayer; and in: The Chapter on Giving Notice of the Funeral, and The Chapter on Praying Over the Grave After Burial, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih al-Bukhari 1/124, 2/92, 113. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on Praying Over the Grave, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih Muslim 2/659. It was also extracted by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Praying Over the Grave, from the Book of Funerals. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/189. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Praying Over the Grave, from the Book of Funerals. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/490. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/353, 388. (3) Extracted with different wordings by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the Ablution of Young Children and When They Are Obligated to Perform Ghusl... etc., from the Book of the Adhan; and in: The Chapter on Giving Notice of the Funeral, and The Chapter on the Rows for the Funeral, and The Chapter on the Rows of Children with Men for Funerals, and The Chapter on the Sunnah of the Funeral Prayer, and The Chapter on the Prayer of Children with People for Funerals, and The Chapter on Praying Over the Grave After Burial, and The Chapter on Burial at Night, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih al-Bukhari 1/217, 2/92, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on Praying Over the Grave, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih Muslim 2/658. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Takbir for the Funeral, from the Book of Funerals. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/187. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Praying Over the Grave, from the Chapters on Funerals. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/256. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on Praying Over the Grave, from the Book of Funerals. al-Mujtaba 4/70. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Said Regarding Praying Over the Grave, from the Book of Funerals. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/490.
فيه. وإن شَكَّ في ذلك رَجَعَ إلى أهْلِ الخِبْرَةِ. فإنْ حَفَرَ، فوَجَدَ فيها عِظَامًا دَفَنَها، وحَفَرَ في مَكَانٍ آخَرَ. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ (٤٧)، واسْتَدَلَّ بأنَّ كَسْرَ عَظْمِ المَيِّتِ ككَسْرِ عَظْمِ الحَىِّ. وسُئِلَ أحمدُ عن المَيِّتِ يُخْرَجُ من قَبْرِهِ إلى غَيْرِه. فقال: إذا كان شيءٌ يُؤْذِيهِ, قد حُوِّلَ طَلْحَةُ، وحُوِّلَتْ عائشةُ. وسُئِلَ عن قَوْمٍ دُفِنُوا في بَساتِينَ ومَواضِعَ رَدِيئَة. فقال: قد نَبَشَ مُعَاذٌ امْرَأَتَهُ، وقد كانت كُفِنَتْ في خُلْقَانٍ فَكَفَنَهَا. ولم يَرَ أبو عبدِ اللهِ بَأْسًا أن يُحَوَّلُوا.
٣٧٠ - مسألة؛ قال: (ومَنْ فَاتَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْهِ صَلَّى عَلَى القَبْرِ)
وجُمْلَةُ ذلك أنَّ مَن فَاتَتْهُ الصلاةُ على الجِنازَةِ، فلَه أنْ يُصَلِّىَ عليها، ما لم تُدْفَنْ، فإن دُفِنَتْ، فله أن يُصَلِّىَ [على القَبْرِ] (١) إلى شَهْرٍ. هذا قولُ أَكْثَرِ أهْلِ العِلْمِ مِن أصْحابِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وغَيْرِهم، رُوِىَ ذلك عن أبي موسى، وابنِ عمرَ، وعائشةَ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنهم. وإليه ذَهَبَ الأوْزاعِيُّ، والشَّافِعِىُّ. وقال النَّخَعِىُّ، والثَّوْريُّ، ومالِكٌ، وأبو حنيفةَ: لا تُعَادُ الصَّلَاةُ على المَيِّتِ، إلَّا لِلْوَلِىِّ إذا كان غَائِبًا، ولا يُصَلَّى على القَبْرِ إلَّا كذلك، ولو جَازَ ذلك لَكانَ قَبْرُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يُصَلَّى عليه في جَمِيعِ الأعْصار. ولَنا، ما رُوِىَ أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- ذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مَاتَ، فقال: " فَدُلُّونِى على قَبْرِهِ" فَأتَى قَبْرَهُ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢). وعن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أنَّه مَرَّ مع النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- على قَبْرٍ مَنْبُوذٍ، فأَمَّهُمْ وصَلَّوا خَلْفَه (٣). قال أحمدُ، رَحِمَهُ
(٤٧) سقط من: الأصل.(١) في الأصل: "عليها".(٢) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب كنس المسجد والتقاط الخرق والقذى والعيدان، من كتاب الصلاة، وفى: باب الإِذن بالجنازة، وباب الصلاة على القبر بعدما يدفن، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح البخاري ١/ ١٢٤، ٢/ ٩٢، ١١٣. ومسلم، في: باب الصلاة على القبر، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٦٥٩. كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب الصلاة على القبر، من كتاب الجنائز. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ١٨٩. وابن ماجه، في: باب ما جاء في الصلاة على القبر، من كتاب الجنائز. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٤٩٠. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٣٥٣، ٣٨٨.(٣) أخرجه بألفاظ مختلفة، البخاري، في: باب وضوء الصبيان ومتى يجب عليهم الغسل. . . إلخ، من كتاب =
