its meaning. One group interpreted them according to their apparent meaning and said: Allah (31) acts within His creation as He wills. They supported this with what Abu Musa narrated, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There is no deceased person who dies, and then his wailer (32) stands and says: 'O my mountain! O my support!' and the like, except that Allah appoints over him two angels who nudge him (33), saying: 'Were you like this?'" (34) Al-Tirmidhi said: This is a hasan hadith. Al-Nu'man ibn Bashir narrated that 'Abd Allah ibn Rawahah fell unconscious, and his sister 'Amrah (35) began to weep and say: "O my mountain! O this and that!" enumerating his virtues. When he regained consciousness, he said: "You did not say anything to me (36) except that it was said to me: 'Were you like this?'" When he died, she did not weep for him. This was recorded by al-Bukhari (37). Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) rejected interpreting them according to their apparent meaning, and Ibn 'Abbas agreed with her. Ibn 'Abbas said: "I mentioned this to Aisha, and she said: 'May Allah have mercy on 'Umar. By Allah (38), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not say (39): "Indeed, Allah punishes the believer because of his family's weeping over him." Rather, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Indeed, Allah increases the punishment for the disbeliever because of his family's weeping over him."' She said: 'The Qur'an is sufficient for you: {No bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another} (40).'" Ibn 'Abbas said regarding that: "It is Allah who makes one laugh and makes one weep." Ibn 'Abbas mentioned this to Ibn 'Umar when he narrated his hadith, and he said nothing. It was recorded by Muslim (41). Another group interpreted it as referring to someone for whom wailing was his custom (42), and he did not forbid his family from it, due to the saying of Allah the Exalted: {Protect yourselves and your families from a Fire} (43), and the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Each of you is a shepherd, and each of you is responsible for his flock" (44). Others interpreted it as referring to someone who made a will for that during his lifetime, like the saying of Tarafa (45):
If I die, then mourn me for what I truly am, And tear your garment for me, O daughter of Ma'bad (46)
And another said:
= Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on what is disliked of wailing over the deceased, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/102. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the deceased being punished by the weeping of his family over him, from the Book of Funerals. Sahih Muslim 2/644. It was also recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what was narrated regarding the dislike of wailing, from the Chapters of Funerals. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/220. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/245, 252, 255. (31) Not found in M. (32) In the sources of verification: "bakih" (his wailer). (33) "Lahza" means to nudge or push with the side of the hand. (34) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what was narrated regarding the dislike of weeping over the deceased, from the Chapters of Funerals. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/225. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on what was narrated regarding the deceased being punished for what he was wailed over, from the Chapters of Funerals. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/508. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/414. (35) Omitted from M. (36) Omitted from the original. (37) In: Chapter on the Battle of Mu'tah in the land of the Levant, from the Book of Military Expeditions. Sahih al-Bukhari 5/183. (38) Omitted from M. (39) In A, the addition: "qala" (he said).
مَعْناها، فحَمَلها قَوْمٌ على ظَوَاهِرِها؛ وقالُوا: يَتَصَرَّفُ اللهُ (٣١) في خَلْقِه بما شاءَ، وأَيَّدُوا ذلك بما رَوَى أبو موسى، أنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "مَا مِنْ مَيِّتٍ يَمُوتُ، فَيَقُومُ بَاكِيهِمْ (٣٢) فَيَقُولُ: وَاجَبَلَاهُ، وَاسَنَدَاهُ، ونَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، إلَّا وَكَلَ اللهُ بِهِ مَلَكَيْنِ يَلْهَزَانِهِ (٣٣): أهكَذَا كُنْتَ؟ " (٣٤). قال التِّرْمِذِىُّ: هذا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ. ورَوَى النُّعْمَانُ بن بَشِيرٍ، قال: أُغْمِىَ على عبدِ اللَّه بنِ رَوَاحَةَ، فجَعَلَتْ أُخْتُه عَمْرَةُ (٣٥) تَبْكِى، وتقولُ: وَاجَبَلَاهُ، واكَذا وَاكَذا. تُعَدِّدُ عليه. فقال حِينَ أفاقَ: ما قُلْتِ لي (٣٦) شيئًا إلَّا قِيلَ لي: أنْتَ كَذَلِكَ؟ فلمَّا ماتَ لم تَبْكِ عليه. أخْرَجَهُ البُخَارِىُّ (٣٧). وأنْكَرَتْ عائشةُ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنها حَمْلَها على ظاهِرِها، ووَافَقَها ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ، قال ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ: ذَكَرْتُ ذلك لعائشةَ فقالتْ: يَرْحَمُ اللهُ عمرَ، واللهِ (٣٨) ما حَدَّث رسولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- (٣٩): "إنَّ اللهَ لَيُعَذِّبُ المُؤْمِنَ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِه عَلَيْهِ". ولَكِنَّ رسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "إنَّ اللهَ لَيَزِيدُ الْكَافِرَ عَذَابًا بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ
= أخرجه البخاري، في: باب ما يكره من النياحة على الميت، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح البخاري ٢/ ١٠٢. ومسلم، في: باب الميت يعذب ببكاء أهله عليه، من كتاب الجنائز. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٦٤٤. كما أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في كراهية النوح، من أبواب الجنائز. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ٢٢٠. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ٢٤٥، ٢٥٢، ٢٥٥.(٣١) لم يرد في: م.(٣٢) في مصادر التخريج: "باكيه".(٣٣) لهز، كلكز.(٣٤) أخرجه الترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في كراهية البكاء على الميت، من أبواب الجنائز. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ٢٢٥. وابن ماجه، في: باب ما جاء في الميت يعذب بما نيح عليه، من أبواب الجنائز. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٠٨. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٤/ ٤١٤.(٣٥) سقط من: م.(٣٦) سقط من: الأصل.(٣٧) في: باب غزوة مؤتة من أرض الشام، من كتاب المغازى. صحيح البخاري ٥/ ١٨٣.(٣٨) سقط من: م.(٣٩) في ازيادة: "قال".
