Banu Hashim; for Banu Hashim are closer to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and more noble, and they are the family [Al] of the Prophet (peace be upon him). The participation of Banu al-Muttalib with them in the fifth of the fifth is not something they earned by mere kinship, for the evidence is that the Banu ‘Abd Shams and Banu Nawfal are equal to them in kinship but were not given anything. Rather, they participated with them due to [their] support [nusra], or due to both; and support does not necessitate the prohibition of zakat.
Section: Al-Khallal narrated, with his chain of narration from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, that Khalid ibn Sa‘id ibn al-‘As sent a vessel of charity to ‘Aishah. She returned it and said: "Indeed, we, the family of Muhammad (peace be upon him), charity is not lawful for us" (10). This indicates its prohibition for the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
Section: The apparent meaning of al-Khiraqi’s statement here is that the relatives [dhu al-qurba] are prohibited from [receiving] charity, even if they are collectors [of zakat]. He mentioned in the Chapter of Distributing the Fay’ and Charity something that indicates the permissibility of their taking it as a wage [‘imalah] (11). This is the opinion of most of our companions; because what they take is a wage, so it is permissible for them to take it, like a porter or the owner of a warehouse if they hired him for his warehouse. As for us, there is the hadith of Abu Rafi‘ which we have already mentioned (12), and what Muslim narrated (13) with his chain of narration, that Rabi‘ah ibn al-Harith and al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib met and said: "By Allah, if we sent these two young men to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and they spoke to him, and he appointed them over these charities, they would perform what the people perform and receive what the people receive?" While they were in that state, ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib came and stood over them, and they mentioned that to him. ‘Ali said: "Do not do it. For by Allah, he will not do it." Rabi‘ah ibn al-Harith addressed him saying: "By Allah, you only do this out of jealousy towards us." He said: So ‘Ali threw down his garment, then lay down, then said: "I am Abu Hasan (14) the Qarm (15). By Allah, I will not leave my place until your two sons return to you
(10) Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: The Chapter on One Who Said Charity Is Not Lawful for the Banu Hashim, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Musannaf 3/214. (11) In A and M: "‘umlah". (12) Its authentication was previously provided on page 110. (13) Its authentication was previously provided on page 109. (14) In A, B, and M: "Abu al-Hasan". (15) Dropped from A and M. In the original and B: "al-qawm".
بني هاشِمٍ؛ لأنَّ بني هاشِمٍ أقْرَبُ إلى النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- وأشْرَفُ، وهم آلُ النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-؛ ومُشَارَكَةُ بنى المُطَّلِبِ لهم في خُمْسِ الخُمْسِ ما اسْتَحَقُّوهُ بمُجَرَّدِ القَرَابَةِ، بِدَلِيلِ أنَّ بنى عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وبني نَوْفَلٍ يُسَاوُونَهم في القَرَابَةِ، ولم يُعْطَوْا شيئا، وإنَّما شَارَكُوهم بِالنُّصْرَةِ، أو بهما جميعا، والنُّصْرَةُ لا تَقْتَضِى مَنْعَ الزكاةِ.
فصل: ورَوَى الخَلَّالُ، بإسْنَادِهِ عن ابْنِ أبي مُلَيْكَةَ، أنَّ خالِدَ بنَ سعيدِ بن العاصِ بَعَثَ إلى عائشةَ سُفْرَةً من الصَّدَقَةِ. فرَدَّتْها، وقالت: إنَّا آل مُحَمَّدٍ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- لا تَحِلُّ لَنَا الصَّدَقَةُ (١٠). وهذا يَدُلُّ على تَحْرِيمِهَا على أزْوَاجِ رسولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-.
فصل: وظَاهِرُ قَوْلِ الخِرَقِيِّ هاهنا، أنَّ ذَوِى القُرْبَى يُمْنَعُونَ الصَّدَقَةَ، وإن كانوا عَامِلِينَ، وذكرَ في بَابِ قَسْمِ الفَىْءِ والصَّدَقَةِ ما يَدُلُّ على إِباحَةِ الأخْذِ لهم عِمالَةً (١١). وهو قولُ أكْثَرِ أصْحَابِنَا؛ لأَنَّ ما يَأْخُذونَهُ أجْرٌ، فجَازَ لهم أَخْذُه، كالحَمَّالِ وصَاحِبِ المَخْزَنِ إذا أجَرَهُمْ مَخْزَنَه. ولَنا، حَدِيثُ أبي رافِعٍ وقد ذَكَرْناهُ (١٢)، وما رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ (١٣) بإسْنَادِه، أَنَّه اجْتَمَعَ رَبِيعَةُ بنُ الحارِثِ، والعَبَّاسُ بنُ عبدِ المُطَّلِبِ، فقالا: واللهِ لو بَعَثْنَا هذين الغُلَامَيْنِ إلى رسولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فَكَلَّمَاهُ، فأمَّرَهُما على هذه الصَّدَقَاتِ، فأَدَّيَا ما يُؤَدِّي النَّاسُ، وأصَابا ما يُصِيبُ الناسُ؟ فبينما هما في ذلك إذ جاءَ عليُّ بنُ أبِي طالبٍ، فوَقَفَ عليهما، فذَكَرَا له ذلك، قال عليٌّ: لا تَفْعَلَا. فواللهِ ما هو بِفاعِلٍ. فانْتَحَاهُ ربيعةُ بنُ الحارِثِ فقال: واللهِ ما تَصْنَعُ هذا إلا نَفَاسَةً منك علينا. قال: فألْقَى عليٌّ رِدَاءَهُ، ثم اضْطَجَعَ، ثم قال: أنا أبو حَسَنٍ (١٤) القَرْمُ (١٥). واللهِ لا أرِيمُ مَكَانِي حتى يَرْجِعَ إليكما ابْنَاكُما
(١٠) وأخرجه ابن أبي شيبة، في: باب من قال لا تحل الصدقة على بنى هاشم، من كتاب الزكاة. المصنف ٣/ ٢١٤.(١١) في أ، م: "عملة".(١٢) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١١٠.(١٣) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٠٩.(١٤) في أ، ب، م: "أبو الحسن".(١٥) سقط من: أ، م. وفي الأصل، ب: "القوم".
