Chapter: The Zakat of Gold and Silver
It is obligatory according to the Book [Quran], the Sunnah, and the consensus (ijma'). As for the Book, it is the saying of the Almighty: "And those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah, give them tidings of a painful punishment" (Surah Al-Tawbah, 34). [And the other verse]. One is not threatened with this punishment except for neglecting an obligatory act. As for the Sunnah, it is what Abu Hurayrah narrated, saying: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There is no owner of gold or silver who does not pay its due right, but that on the Day of Resurrection, plates of fire will be fashioned for him, heated in the fire of Hell, and his flank, forehead, and back will be branded with them. Every time they cool, they will be returned to him, on a day the duration of which is fifty thousand years, until Allah judges between the servants." Narrated by Muslim. Al-Bukhari and others narrated in the book of Anas: "And on riqah (silver currency), there is a quarter of a tenth. If there are only one hundred and ninety [dirhams], there is nothing on them, unless their owner wishes [to pay voluntarily]." Riqah refers to minted dirhams. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There is no sadaqah (zakat) on anything less than five awaq (units of silver weight)." Agreed upon. The scholars have reached a consensus that in two hundred dirhams, there are five dirhams, and that if one possesses gold amounting to twenty mithqals, valued at two hundred dirhams, then Zakat is obligatory upon it, except for what has been disputed regarding the view of Al-Hasan.
(24) Surah Al-Tawbah, 34. (25) In M: "The verse." He perhaps means the other verse following the previous one, which is the saying of the Almighty: "The Day when it will be heated in the fire of Hell and branded therewith will be their foreheads and their flanks and their backs, 'This is what you hoarded for yourselves, so taste what you used to hoard.'" (26) In: The Chapter on the Sin of the Withholder of Zakat, from the Book of Zakat. Sahih Muslim 2/680. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the Rights of Wealth, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/385. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/262, 276. (27) Its attribution was previously provided on page 10. (28) Its attribution was previously provided on page 12.
بابُ زَكَاةِ الذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ
وهى وَاجِبَةٌ بِالكِتابِ، والسُّنَّةِ، والإِجْماعِ. أمَّا الكِتابُ، فقولُه تعالى: {وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ} (٢٤). [والآيةُ الأُخْرَى] (٢٥). ولا يُتَوَعَّدُ بهذه العُقُوبَةِ إلَّا على تَرْكِ وَاجِبٍ. وأمَّا السُّنَّةُ، فما رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرَةَ، قال: قال رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ ولَا فِضَّةٍ لا يُؤَدِّى مِنْهَا حَقَّها، إلَّا إذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ، صُفِّحَتْ لَهُ صَفَائِحُ مِن نَارٍ، فَأُحْمِىَ عَلَيْهَا فِى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، فَيُكْوَى بِهَا جَنْبُه وَجَبْهَتُهُ وظَهْرُهُ، كُلَّمَا بَرَدَتْ أُعِيدَتْ عَلَيْهِ، فِى يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ، حَتَّى يَقْضِىَ اللهُ بَيْنَ الْعِبَادِ". أخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ (٢٦). ورَوَى البُخَارِيُّ وغيرُه (٢٧)، في كِتابِ أَنَسٍ: "وفى الرِّقَةِ رُبْعُ العُشْرِ، فإنْ لَم يَكُنْ إلا تِسْعِينَ ومِائَةً، فلَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ، إلَّا أنْ يَشَاءَ رَبُّهَا". والرِّقَةُ: هى الدَّرَاهِمُ المَضْرُوبَةُ. وقال النَّبِيُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "لَيْسَ فِيما دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ صَدَقَةٌ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٢٨). وأجْمَعَ أهْلُ العِلْمِ على أنَّ في مائتَىْ
(٢٤) سورة التوبة ٣٤.(٢٥) في م: "الآية".ولعله يعنى الآية الأخرى التالية للسابقة، وهى قوله تعالى: {يَوْمَ يُحْمَى عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكْوَى بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ وَظُهُورُهُمْ هَذَا مَا كَنَزْتُمْ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ فَذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْنِزُونَ}.(٢٦) في: باب إثم مانع الزكاة، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٦٨٠.كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب في حقوق المال، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٣٨٥. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٢٦٢، ٢٧٦.(٢٧) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٠.(٢٨) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٢.
