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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 4 · صفحة 223فصل

الترجمة · EN

Section (17): If jewelry is broken in a way that does not prevent its use and wear, it is like intact jewelry; there is no Zakat upon it, unless one intends to break it and melt it down, in which case Zakat is due upon it because one has intended to divert it from the state of use. If the break prevents its use, the Qadi said: In my view, Zakat is due upon it because it has become in the status of bullion and uncoined gold/silver (tibr).

Section: If jewelry is for wearing, but the woman intends trade with it, the Zakat year commences from the moment she formed that intention, because the obligation is the original ruling, and it was only diverted from it due to the contingency of use; thus, it returns to the original ruling by mere intention without [the need for] actual use. It is similar to if one intends private use (qunyah) for trade goods; it is diverted to that status without [actual] use.

Section: For the jewelry on which Zakat is due, the threshold (nisab) is determined by weight. If one owns jewelry whose value is two hundred dirhams but its weight is less than two hundred, there is no Zakat upon it. If it reaches two hundred by weight, Zakat is due upon it, even if it is deficient in value; this is based on his saying (peace be upon him): "There is no Sadaqah on less than five awaq of silver." Unless the jewelry is for trade, in which case it is appraised, and if its value in gold and silver reaches the threshold, Zakat is due upon it; because Zakat is attached to the value. As for what is not for trade, Zakat is upon its substance, so it is considered to reach the threshold in both its value and weight. The owner is given the choice between giving a quarter of a tenth of his jewelry as an undivided share, or paying what is equal to a quarter of a tenth of its value in its own kind, even if it exceeds the weight of a quarter of a tenth, because we have explained that Riba does not apply here. If he wished to break it and pay a quarter of a tenth of it, it would not suffice because that would decrease its value. This is the school of al-Shafi'i. Malik said: The determination is by weight. If the weight of the jewelry is twenty and its value is thirty, he owes half a mithqal, not increasing its value by anything, because it is a threshold from the category of currency, so Zakat is attached to its weight, not its quality, like coined dirhams. Our position is that craftsmanship has become a quality for the threshold that has an intended value, so it must be considered, just like high quality is considered in all other zakatable wealth.

الحواشي

(17) This section and the four sections following it do not appear in: the original, B. (18) Its citation was previously provided in the hadith of Abu Bakr on page 10. See also page 12.

العربية (المصدر)

فصل (١٧): وإذا انْكَسَرَ الحَلْىُ كَسْرًا لا يَمْنَعُ الاسْتِعْمَالَ واللُّبْسَ، فهو كالصَّحِيحِ، لا زَكاةَ فيه، إلَّا أن يَنْوِىَ كَسْرَهُ وسَبْكَه، ففيه الزكاةُ حِينَئِذٍ، لأنَّه نَوَى صَرْفَهُ عن الاسْتِعْمالِ. وإن كان الكَسْرُ يَمْنَعُ الاسْتِعْمالَ، فقال القاضى: عِنْدِى أنَّ فيه الزكاةَ؛ لأنَّه كان بِمَنْزِلَةِ النُّقُودِ والتِّبْرِ.

فصل: وإذا كان الحَلْىُ لِلُّبْسِ، فَنَوَتْ به المَرْأةُ التِّجارَةَ، انْعَقَدَ عليه حَوْلُ الزكاةِ من حِينَ نَوَتْ؛ لأنَّ الوُجُوبَ هو الأصْلُ، وإنَّما انْصَرَفَ عنه لِعارِضِ الاسْتِعْمالِ، فعادَ إلى الأصْلِ بمُجَرَّدِ النِّيَّةِ من غيرِ اسْتِعْمالٍ، فهو كما لو نَوَى بِعَرْضِ التِّجَارَةِ القُنْيَةَ، انْصَرَفَ إليه من غيرِ اسْتِعْمالٍ.

فصل: ويُعْتَبَرُ في النِّصابِ في الحَلْىِ الذى تَجِبُ فيه الزكاةُ بالوَزْنِ، فلو مَلَكَ حَلْيًا قِيمَتُهُ مائتَا دِرْهَمٍ، ووَزْنُه دُونَ المائتَيْنِ، لم يَكُنْ عليه زَكاةٌ. وإن بَلَغَ مائتَيْنِ وَزْنًا، ففيه الزكاةُ، وإن نَقَصَ في القِيمَةِ؛ لِقَوْلِه عليه السَّلَامُ: "لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ من الوَرِقِ صَدَقَةٌ" (١٨). اللَّهُمَّ إلَّا أن يكونَ الحَلْىُ لِلتِّجارَةِ فيُقَوَّمُ، فإذا بَلَغَتْ قِيمَتُه بالذَّهَبِ والفِضَّةِ نِصَابًا، ففيه الزكاةُ؛ لأنَّ الزكاةَ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بالقِيمَةِ، وما لم يَكُنْ لِلتِّجارَةِ فالزكاةُ في عَيْنِه، فيُعْتَبَرُ أن يَبْلُغَ بقِيمَتِه وَوَزْنِه نِصَابًا، وهو مُخَيَّرٌ بين إخْراجِ رُبْعِ عُشْرِ حَلْيِهِ مَشَاعًا، أو دَفْعِ ما يُسَاوِى رُبْعَ عُشْرِها من جِنْسِها، وإن زَادَ في الوَزْنِ على رُبْعِ العُشْرِ؛ لما بَيَّنَّا أنَّ الرِّبَا لا يَجْرِى هاهُنا. ولو أرادَ كَسْرَها ودَفعَ رُبْع عُشْرِها لم يَكُنْ منه؛ لأنَّه يَنْقُصُ قِيمَتَها. وهذا مذهبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ. وقال مالِكٌ: الاعْتِبارُ بِالوَزْنِ، وإذا كان وَزْنُ الحَلْىِ عِشْرِينَ وقِيمَتُه ثلاثُونَ، فعليه نِصْفُ مِثْقالٍ، لا تَزِيدُ قِيمَتُه شيئا؛ لأنَّه نِصَابٌ من جِنْسِ الأثْمانِ، فتَعَلَّقَتِ الزكاةُ بِوَزْنِه، لا بِصِفَتِه، كالدَّراهِمِ المَضْرُوبَةِ. ولَنا، أنَّ الصِّناعَةَ صارَتْ صِفَةً

الحواشي

(١٧) هذا الفصل والأربعة الفصول التالية له لم ترد في: الأصل، ب.(١٨) تقدم تخريجه في حديث أبى بكر صفحة ١٠. وانظر أيضا صفحة ١٢.

السابقمجلد 4 · صفحة 223التالي
السابق4·223التالي