Each one requires compensation, such as if he finds four bint labun and three hiqqas, he has the choice of whichever of the two he wishes to extract with the compensation; if he wishes, he extracts the bint labun and a hiqqa and takes the compensation, and if he wishes, he extracts the hiqqas and a bint labun with its compensation. If he says: Take from me a hiqqa and three bint labun with the compensation, it is not permitted, because he is deviating from the obligation while it exists to the compensation. It is possible that it is permissible because compensation is unavoidable. If only a hiqqa and four bint labun are found, he pays them and takes the compensation, and he does not have the right to provide three bint labun with the compensation, according to the most correct of the two views. If both obligations are missing or defective, he has the right to deviate from them with compensation. If he wishes, he extracts four jadha'at and takes eight sheep or eighty dirhams, and if he wishes, he gives five bint makhad and with them ten sheep or one hundred dirhams. If he likes to shift from hiqqas to bint makhad, or from bint labun to jidha', it is not permitted, because the hiqqas and bint labun are explicitly mentioned in this wealth, so he does not ascend to the hiqqas with compensation, nor descend to the bint labun with compensation.
401 - Issue: He said: (And whoever is obligated to provide a hiqqa and does not have one, but has a bint labun, it is taken from him along with two sheep or twenty dirhams. And whoever is obligated to provide a bint labun and does not have one, but has a hiqqa, it is taken from him and he is given the compensation (2) of two sheep or twenty dirhams).
The school of thought (Madhhab) regarding this is that whenever an age group is obligated upon him and he does not have it, he may extract an age group higher than it and take two sheep or twenty dirhams, or an age group lower than it, along with two sheep (3) or twenty dirhams, except for a bint makhad; he is not permitted to extract one lower than it, because it is the youngest age group required in zakat. Or a jadha'a; he does not extract one higher than it, unless the owner of the wealth agrees to extract it without compensation, in which case it is accepted from him. The choice in ascending or descending, and in the sheep
(26) In M: "yantaqil 'an al-hiqaq" (shift from the hiqqas). (1) In M: "wa-laysa" (and is not). The word "hiqqa" is omitted. (2) In the original and B: "al-khayr min" (the best of). (3) In the original: "shatan" (two sheep in the nominative); what is here is based on the assumption of "or he takes," which is appropriate for his statement: "or twenty," which follows.
إلى جُبْرَانٍ، مثل أن يَجِدَ أَرْبَعَ بَناتِ لَبُونٍ وثَلاثَ حِقَاقٍ، فهو مُخَيَّرٌ أَيَّهما شاءَ أَخْرَجَ مع الجُبْرَانِ، إن شاءَ أخْرَجَ بَناتَ اللَّبُونِ وحِقَّةً وأخَذَ بالجُبْرَانِ، وإن شَاءَ أَخْرَجَ الحِقَاقَ وبِنْتَ اللَّبُونِ مع جُبْرَانِها. فإن قال: خُذُوا مِنِّى حِقَّةً وثَلَاثَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ مع الجُبْرَانِ. لم يَجُزْ؛ لأنَّه يَعْدِلُ عن الفَرْضِ مع وُجُودِهِ إلى الجُبْرَانِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ الجوازَ؛ لأنَّه لابُدَّ مِن الجُبْرَانِ. وإن لم يُوجَدْ إلَّا حِقَّةٌ وأَرْبَعُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ، أَدَّاهَا وأخَذَ الجُبْرَانَ، ولم يكنْ له دَفْعُ ثَلَاثِ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ مع الجُبْرَانِ، فى أَصَحِّ الوَجْهَيْنِ. وإن كان الفَرْضان مَعْدُومَيْنِ، أو مَعِيبَيْنِ، فله العُدُولُ عنهما مع الجُبْرَانِ، فإن شاءَ أَخْرَجَ أرْبَعَ جَذَعاتٍ وأخَذَ ثَمَانِىَ شِيَاهٍ أو ثَمَانِينَ دِرْهَمًا، وإن شَاءَ دَفَعَ خَمْسَ بَناتِ مَخَاضٍ ومعها عَشْرُ شِيَاهٍ أو مائةُ دِرْهَمٍ. وإن أَحَبَّ أن [ينْتَقِلَ عن الحِقاقِ] (٢٦) إلى بِناتِ المَخَاضِ، أو عن بَنَاتِ اللَّبُونِ إلى الجِذاعِ، لم يَجُزْ؛ لأنَّ الحِقَاقَ وبَناتَ الَلَّبُونِ مَنْصُوصٌ عَلَيْهنَّ فى هذا المالِ، فلا يَصْعَدُ إلى الحِقاقِ بِجُبْرَانٍ، ولا يَنْزلُ إلى بَنَاتِ اللَّبُونِ بِجُبْرانٍ.
٤٠١ - مسألة؛ قال: (ومَنْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ [حِقَّةٌ ولَيْسَتْ] (١) عِنْدَهُ، وعِنْدَهُ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، أُخِذَتْ مِنْهُ ومَعَها شَاتَانِ أو عِشْرُونَ دِرْهَمًا، وَمَنْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ ابْنَةُ لَبُونٍ، وليْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ، وعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ، أُخِذَتْ مِنْهُ وأُعْطِىَ الجُبْرَانَ (٢) شَاتَيْنِ أو عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا)
المذهبُ فى هذا أنَّه متى وَجَبَتْ عليه سِنٌّ وليستْ عندَه، فله أن يُخْرِجَ سِنًّا أعْلَى منها، ويَأْخُذَ شَاتَيْنِ أو عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، أو سِنًّا أَنْزَلَ منها ومعها شَاتَيْنِ (٣) أو عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، إلَّا ابْنَةَ مَخَاضٍ ليس له أن يُخْرِجَ أنْزَلَ منها؛ لأنَّها أَدْنَى سِنٍّ تَجِبُ فى الزَّكَاةِ، أو جَذَعَة. فلا يُخْرِجُ أَعْلَى منها، إلَّا أن يَرضَى رَبُّ المالِ بإخْرَاجِهَا لا جُبْرَانَ معها، فَتُقْبَلَ منه. والاخْتِيَارُ فى الصُّعُودِ والنُّزُولِ، والشِّيَاهِ
(٢٦) فى م: "ينقل عن الحقائق".(١) فى م: "وليس". وسقطت كلمة "حقة".(٢) فى الأصل، ب: "الخير من".(٣) فى الأصل: "شاتان" وما هنا على تقدير "أو يأخذ"، وهو المناسب لقوله: "أو عشرين" الآتى.
