and the dirhams, is up to the owner of the wealth. This is the view of al-Nakha'i, al-Shafi'i, and Ibn al-Mundhir. There is a difference of opinion reported from Ishaq regarding it. Al-Thawri said: He extracts two sheep or ten dirhams, because the sheep in the Law is valued (4) at five dirhams, based on the evidence that its nisab (minimum threshold) is forty, and the nisab for dirhams is two hundred. The proponents of the school of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: He pays the value of what is obligated upon him, or [he pays] less than the obligatory age group and the difference between the two in dirhams. Our evidence is his statement, peace be upon him, in the hadith which we narrated via the path of al-Bukhari (5): "Whoever possesses camels that reach the amount of the zakat of a jadha'a, and he does not have a jadha'a, but he has a hiqqa, the hiqqa shall be accepted from him, and he shall add to it two sheep, if they are easy for him to provide, or twenty dirhams. And whoever possesses camels that reach the amount of the zakat of a hiqqa, and he does not have it, but he has a jadha'a, the jadha'a shall be accepted from him, and the tax collector shall give him twenty dirhams or two sheep. And whoever possesses camels that reach the amount of the zakat of a hiqqa, and he has nothing but a bint labun, the bint labun shall be accepted from him, and he shall give two sheep or twenty dirhams. And whoever possesses camels that reach the amount of the zakat of a bint labun, and he has a hiqqa, the hiqqa shall be accepted from him, and the tax collector shall give him twenty dirhams or two sheep. And whoever possesses camels that reach the amount of the zakat of a bint labun, and he does not have it, but he has a bint makhad, the bint makhad shall be accepted from him, and he shall give with it twenty dirhams or two sheep." This is an established, authentic text, so no attention is to be paid to anything else. Once this is established, it is not permitted to resort to this compensation when the original [obligatory age] is available, because it is conditioned in the report upon the absence of the original. If he wishes to provide as compensation one sheep and ten dirhams, the Qadi said: This is not prevented (8), just as we said regarding the kaffara (expiation); he has the right
(4) In A and M: "mutaqawwama" (valued). (5) Its verification has preceded on page 10. (6) In the original: "sadaqatuhu" (his sadaqa). (7) In A and M: "lam" (not). (8) In A and M: "yamna'" (it is prevented). (9) In A and M: "falahu" (he has).
والدَّرَاهِم، إلى رَبِّ المالِ. وبهذا قال النَّخَعِىُّ، والشَّافِعِىُّ، وابْنُ المُنْذِرِ. واخْتَلَفَ فيه عن إسحاقَ. وقال الثَّوْرِىُّ: يُخْرِجُ شَاتَيْنِ أو عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِم؛ لأنَّ الشَّاةَ فى الشَّرْعِ مُقَوَّمةٌ (٤) بِخَمْسَة دَرَاهِمَ، بِدَلِيلِ أنَّ نِصَابَها أَرْبَعُونَ، ونِصَابَ الدَّرَاهِم مائَتانِ. وقال أصْحَابُ الرَّأْىِ: يَدْفَعُ قِيمَةَ ما وَجَبَ عليه، أو دُونَ السِّنِّ الوَاجِبَةِ وفَضْلَ ما بينهما دَرَاهِمَ. ولنَا، قَوْلُه عليه السَّلَامُ، فى الحَدِيثِ الذى رَوَيْناهُ من طَرِيقِ البُخَارِىّ (٥): "وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَه مِن الإِبِلِ صَدَقَةُ الْجَذَعَةِ، ولَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ جَذَعَةٌ، وعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ، فَإنَّهَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الحِقَّةُ، ويَجْعَلُ مَعَهَا شَاتَيْنِ، إنِ اسْتَيْسَرَتَا لَهُ، أو عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، ومَنْ بَلَغَتْ عِنْدَهُ صَدَقَةُ الحِقَّةِ، ولَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ، وعِنْدَهُ الْجَذَعَةُ، فإنَّها تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الجَذَعَةُ، ويُعْطِيهِ المُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أو شَاتَيْنِ، وَمَنْ بَلَغَتْ [عِنْدَهُ صَدَقَةُ] (٦) الحِقَّةِ ولَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ إلَّا بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، فَإنَّها تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ بِنْتُ لَبُونٍ، ويُعْطِى شَاتَيْنِ، أو عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، ومَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُه بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ، وعِنْدَهُ حِقَّةٌ، فَإنَّها تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الحِقَّةُ، ويُعْطِيهِ الْمُصَدِّقُ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا أو شَاتَيْنِ، ومَنْ بَلَغَتْ صَدَقَتُه بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ، ولَيْسَتْ عِنْدَهُ، وعِنْدَهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ، فَإنَّها تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ ابْنَةُ مَخَاضٍ ويُعْطِى مَعَها عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا، أو شَاتَيْنِ". وهذا نَصٌّ ثَابِتٌ صَحِيحٌ فلا (٧) يُلْتَفَتُ إلى ما سِوَاهُ. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا فإنَّه لا يجوزُ العُدُولُ إلى هذا الجُبْرَانِ مع وُجُودِ الأصْلِ؛ لأنَّه مَشْرُوطٌ فى الخَبَرِ بِعَدَمِ الأصْلِ، وإن أرَادَ أن يُخْرِجَ فى الجُبْرَانِ شَاةً، وعَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِم. فقال القاضى: لا يمْتَنِعُ (٨) هذا، كما قُلْنَا فى الكَفّارَةِ، له (٩)
(٤) فى ا، م: "متقومة".(٥) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ١٠(٦) فى الأصل: "صدقته".(٧) فى ا، م: "لم".(٨) فى ا، م: "يمنع".(٩) في أ، م: "فله".