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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 4 · صفحة 309

الترجمة · EN

(peace be upon him): "You and your wealth belong to your father." Then the grandfather, then the next nearest and then the next, following the order of inheritance. It is also possible that the fitra of the child be prioritized over the fitra of the wife, due to what was narrated by Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded charity, so a man stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have a dinar." He said: "Give it in charity to yourself." He said: "I have another." He said: "Give it in charity to your child." He said: "I have another." He said: "Give it in charity to your wife." He said: "I have another." He said: "Give it in charity to your servant." He said: "I have another." He said: "You are more insightful." Thus, he prioritized the child in charity over himself, so it is the same in charity on his behalf. Also, because the child is like a part of him, so he is prioritized just as he prioritizes himself. And because if he neglects his child, he will find no one else to spend on him, so he will be lost; whereas if the wife is not spent upon, they would be separated, and she has others who would provide for her, such as a husband or a relative. And because the maintenance of the wife is on the basis of exchange, so it is weaker in terms of necessitating the fitra compared to the maintenance that is mandatory on the basis of kinship (silah); for the obligation of the stipulated exchange does not necessitate an obligation of an additional amount to be given in charity on behalf of the one to whom the exchange is due. This is why the fitra of the other party, whose sustenance is stipulated, is not mandatory, unlike relatives, for their status as relatives, just as it necessitates maintaining ties by spending on them, it also necessitates maintaining ties by purifying them through the expenditure of fitra on their behalf.

الحواشي

(11) Extracted by Ibn Majah, in: Chapter: What a man possesses of his child's wealth, from the Book of Trade. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/769. And by Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/179, 204, 214. (12) In (M): "bi-al-jadd" (with the grandfather). (13) Omitted from (A). (14) In (M) there is an addition: "al-'asabat fi" (the agnates in). (15) In (B) and (M): "zawjatika" (your wife). Both are equivalent in meaning. (16) Extracted by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on Maintaining Ties of Kinship, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/393. And by al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter: Interpretation of Charity out of surplus wealth, from the Book of Zakat. Al-Mujtaba 5/47. And by Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/251, 471. (17) Omitted from (A). (18) In (A), (B), and (M): "al-akhir" (the latter). (19) In (A): "al-mushtarat" (the one whose sustenance is stipulated).

العربية (المصدر)

-صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "أنْتَ ومَالُكَ لأبِيكَ" (١١). ثم الجَدِّ (١٢)، ثم (١٣) الأقْرَبِ فالأقْرَبِ، على تَرْتِيبِ (١٤) المِيرَاثِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ تَقْدِيمَ فِطْرَةِ الوَلَدِ على فِطْرَةِ المَرْأَةِ؛ لما رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرَةَ، قال: أمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- بالصَّدَقَةِ، فقامَ رَجُلٌ فقال: يا رسولَ اللَّه: عِنْدِى دِينَارٌ. قال: "تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ". قال: عِنْدِى آخَرُ. قال: "تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ عَلَى وَلَدِكَ". قال: عِنْدِى آخَرُ، قال: "تَصَدَّقْ بهِ عَلَى زَوْجِكَ" (١٥). قال: عِنْدِى آخَرُ، قال: "تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ عَلَى خَادِمِكَ". قال: عِنْدِى آخَرُ، قال: "أنْتَ أبْصَرُ" (١٦). فقَدَّمَ الوَلَدَ فى الصَّدَقَةِ عليه، فكذلك فى (١٧) الصَّدَقَةِ عنه. ولأنَّ الوَلَدَ كبَعْضِه، فيُقَدَّمُ كتَقْدِيمِ نَفْسِه، ولأنَّه إذا ضَيَّعَ وَلَدَه لم يَجِدْ من يُنْفِقُ عليه، فيَضِيعُ، والزَّوْجَةُ إذا لم يُنْفقْ عليها فُرِّقَ بينهما، وكان لها مَن يَمُونُها، من زَوْجٍ أو ذِى رَحِمٍ. ولأنَّ نَفَقَةَ الزَّوْجَةِ على سَبِيلِ المُعاوَضَةِ، فكانتْ أضْعَفَ فى اسْتِتْبَاعِ الفِطْرَةِ من النَّفَقَةِ الوَاجِبَةِ على سَبِيلِ الصِّلَةِ؛ لأنَّ وُجُوبَ العِوَضِ المُقَدَّرِ لا يَقْتَضِى وُجُوبَ زِيَادَةٍ عليه يَتَصَدَّقُ بها عَمَّنْ له العِوَضُ، ولهذا لم تَجِبْ فِطْرَةُ الآخَرِ (١٨) المَشْرُوطِ (١٩) له مُؤْنَتُه، بخِلافِ القَرابَةِ، فإنَّها كما اقْتَضَتْ صِلَتَه بالإنْفَاقِ عليه، اقْتَضَتْ صِلَتَه بِتَطْهِيرِه بإخْرَاجِ الفِطْرَةِ عنه.

الحواشي

(١١) أخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب ما للرجل من مال ولده، من كتاب التجارات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٦٩. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ١٧٩، ٢٠٤، ٢١٤.(١٢) فى م: "بالجد".(١٣) سقط من: أ.(١٤) فى م زيادة: "العصبات فى".(١٥) فى ب، م: "زوجتك". وهما بمعنى.(١٦) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى صلة الرحم، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٣٩٣. والنسائى، فى: باب تفسير الصدقة عن ظهر غنى، من كتاب الزكاة. المجتبى ٥/ ٤٧. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٥١، ٤٧١.(١٧) سقط من: أ.(١٨) فى أ، ب، م: "الأخير".(١٩) فى أ: "المشترط".

السابقمجلد 4 · صفحة 309التالي
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