There is a brevity in the speech of al-Khiraqi, and its implied meaning is: They should look for the crescent; if they see it, they fast, and if they do not see it and the sky is clear, they do not fast. He omitted some of the wording for the sake of brevity, as it is understood.
Section: It is recommended for one who sees the crescent to say what was narrated by Ibn 'Umar, who said: "When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) saw the crescent, he used to say: 'Allah is the Greatest. O Allah, make it appear over us with security and faith, safety and Islam, and success in that which You love and are pleased with. My Lord and your Lord is Allah.'" Narrated by al-Athram (10).
Section: If the people of one land see the crescent, fasting becomes obligatory for all lands. This is the opinion of al-Layth and some of the companions of al-Shafi'i. Some of them said: If there is a short distance between the two lands, such that the horizons (matali') do not differ on account of it, like Baghdad and Basra, then the people of both are bound to fast by the sighting of the crescent in one of them. But if there is a distance between them, like Iraq, Hijaz, and the Levant (al-Sham), then every group of people has their own sighting. It has been narrated from 'Ikrimah that he said: "Every group of people has their own sighting." This is the school of thought of al-Qasim, Salim, and Ishaq, based on what Kuraib narrated, saying: "I came to the Levant, and the crescent of Ramadan appeared to me while I was in the Levant. We saw the crescent on the night of Friday. Then I arrived in Medina at the end of the month, and Ibn 'Abbas asked me, then he mentioned the crescent and said: 'When did you see the crescent?' I said: 'We saw it on the night of Friday.' He said: 'Did you see it on the night of Friday?' I said: 'Yes, and the people saw it, and they fasted, and Mu'awiyah fasted.' He said: 'But we saw it on the night of Saturday, so we will continue to fast until we complete thirty days or we see it.' I said: 'Is the sighting of Mu'awiyah and his fasting not sufficient for you?' He said: 'No, this is how the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) commanded us.' [Recorded by Muslim] (11). Al-Tirmidhi said: This is a hadith...
(10) Recorded by al-Darimi, in: Chapter: What is said upon seeing the crescent, from the Book of Fasting. Sunan al-Darimi 2/3, 4. (11) This appeared in [copy] M after the words of al-Tirmidhi, and it includes the addition: "also." Recorded by Muslim in: Chapter: The explanation that every land has its own sighting..., from the Book of Fasting. Sahih Muslim 2/765. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter: What has been narrated regarding every people of a land having their own sighting, from the chapters on fasting. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/213. It was also recorded by al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter: The difference of the horizons in the sighting, from the Book of Fasting. al-Mujtaba 4/105, 106. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 1/306.
وفى كَلَامِ الْخِرَقِىِّ اخْتِصَارٌ، وتَقْدِيرُه: طَلَبُوا الهِلَالَ، فإنْ رَأوْهُ صَامُوا، وإن لم يَرَوْهُ وكانتِ السَّمَاءُ مُصْحِيَةً لم يَصُومُوا. فحَذَفَ بَعْضَ الكلامِ لِلْعِلْمِ به اخْتِصَارًا.
فصل: ويُسْتَحَبُّ لِمَنْ رَأَى الهِلالَ أن يَقُولَ ما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ، قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- إذا رَأَى الهِلَالَ قال: "اللهُ أكْبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بالأَمْنِ والإِيمَانِ، والسَّلَامَةِ والإِسْلَامِ، والتَّوْفِيقِ لما تُحِبُّ وتَرْضَى، رَبِّى ورَبُّكَ اللهُ". رَوَاهُ الأثْرَمُ (١٠).
فصل: وإذا رَأَى الهِلالَ أَهْلُ بَلَدٍ، لَزِمَ جَمِيعَ البِلادِ الصَّوْمُ. وهذا قَوْلُ اللَّيْثِ، وبعضِ أصْحابِ الشَّافِعِىِّ. وقال بَعْضُهم: إنْ كان بينَ البَلَدَيْنِ مَسَافَةٌ قَرِيبَةٌ، لا تَخْتَلِفُ المَطَالِعُ لِأَجْلِها كبَغْدَادَ والبَصْرَةِ، لَزِمَ أهْلَهما الصَّوْمُ بِرُؤْيَةِ الهِلَالِ في أحدِهما، وإن كان بينهما بُعْدٌ، كالعِرَاقِ والحِجَازِ والشَّامِ، فِلكُلِّ أهْلِ بَلَدٍ رُؤْيَتُهم. وَرُوِىَ عن عِكْرِمَةَ، أنَّه قال: لِكُلِّ أهْلِ بَلَدٍ رُؤْيَتُهم. وهو مذهبُ القاسِمِ، وسالِمٍ، وإسحاقَ؛ لما رَوَى كُرَيْبٌ، قال: قَدِمْتُ الشَّامَ، واسْتَهلَّ عَلَىَّ هِلالُ رمضانَ، وأنا بالشَّامِ، فرَأيْنَا الهِلالَ لَيْلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ، ثم قَدِمْتُ المَدِينَةَ في آخِر الشَّهْرِ، فسَألَنِى ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ، ثم ذَكَرَ الهِلالَ، فقال: متى رَأيْتُم الهِلَالَ؟ قلتُ: رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ. فقال: أنتَ رَأيْتَهُ لَيْلَةَ الجُمُعَةِ؟ قُلْتُ: نعم، ورَآهُ النّاسُ، وصَامُوا، وصامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ. فقال: لكنْ رَأيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ السَّبْتِ، فلا نَزَالُ نَصُومُ حتى نُكْمِلَ ثَلَاثِينَ أو نَرَاهُ. فقلتُ: ألا تَكْتَفِى بِرُؤْيَةِ مُعاوِيَةَ وصِيامِهِ؟ فقال: لا، هكذا أمَرَنَا رسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-. [رَوَاه مُسلمٌ] (١١) قال التِّرْمِذِىُّ: هذا حَدِيثٌ
(١٠) وأخرجه الدارمي، في: باب ما يقال عد رؤية الهلال، من كتاب الصوم. سنن الدارمي ٢/ ٣، ٤.(١١) جاء هذا في م بعد كلام الترمذي، وفيه زيادة: "أيضا". وأخرجه مسلم في: باب بيان أن لكل بلد رؤيتهم. . .، من كتاب الصيام. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٧٦٥. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء لكل أهل بلد رؤيتهم، من أبواب الصوم. عارضة الأحوذي ٣/ ٢١٣.كما أخرجه النسائي، في: باب اختلاف أهل الآفاق في الرؤيا، من كتاب الصيام. المجتبى ٤/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦. والإمام أحمد، في: المسند ١/ ٣٠٦.
