like an applicator (mil) or the like, he does not break his fast. Imam Ahmad explicitly stated this. Ibn Aqil said: If the kohl is sharp/pungent, it breaks the fast, otherwise it does not. The companions of Malik stated something similar to what we have mentioned. From Ibn Abi Layla and Ibn Shubruma, it is reported that kohl breaks the fast of the fasting person. Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i said: It does not break the fast, based on what was narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he applied kohl while fasting in Ramadan. Also, because the eye is not an orifice (pathway), so the fast is not broken by what enters through it, just as if one were to apply oil to his head. Our position is that he has introduced into his throat that which is forbidden to consume by way of his mouth, so he breaks his fast thereby, just as if he had introduced it through his nose. What they narrated is not authentic; al-Tirmidhi said: Nothing authentic has been reported from the Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding the chapter of kohl for the fasting person. Furthermore, one may interpret it to mean he applied kohl that does not reach [the throat]. Their statement that the eye is not an orifice is not correct, for its taste is found in the throat, and one applies antimony (ithmid) and then clears his throat of it. Ahmad said: A person told me that he applied kohl at night and then cleared his throat of it during the day. Furthermore, it is not a requirement for something to be a pathway in order for it to be considered 'reaching' [the interior], evidenced by the fact that if one wounds himself with a ja'ifah (cavity) wound, his fast is broken.

Section: As for that which cannot be avoided, such as swallowing saliva, it does not break the fast, because avoiding that is burdensome, so it resembles road dust and the sifting of flour. If he collects it and then swallows it intentionally, it does not break his fast; because it reaches his interior from his stomach, it resembles the case where he does not collect it. There is another view in the school that it does break the fast; because it was possible for him to avoid it, it resembles the case if he intended to swallow road dust. The first view is more correct; for saliva does not break the fast when not collected, even if he intends to swallow it, so the same applies if he collects it, unlike road dust. But if his saliva exits to his garment, or between his fingers, or between his lips, and then he returns it and swallows it, or if he swallows someone else's saliva, he breaks his fast; because he swallowed it from outside his mouth, so it resembles...