the obligatory one. Hanbal narrated from Ahmad (5), with his chain of narration from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever fasts voluntarily while he still owes something from Ramadan that he has not yet made up, it shall not be accepted from him until he fasts it." This is because it is an act of worship into which property enters to compensate for it; therefore, it is not valid to perform it voluntarily before performing its obligatory part, just like Hajj. It is also narrated from Ahmad that it is permissible for him to perform voluntary fasts, because it is an act of worship related to an extended time, so performing it voluntarily within its time before its obligatory performance is permissible, like prayer, which one may perform voluntarily at the beginning of its time, and the case of Hajj is analogous to this. Furthermore, performing voluntary Hajj prevents the performance of its designated obligatory Hajj (6), so it resembles voluntary fasting during Ramadan, unlike our issue here. The hadith is narrated by Ibn Lahi'ah, and there is weakness in it. In its context (7), there is also that which is abandoned, for he said at the end: "And whoever is reached by Ramadan while he still owes something from a previous Ramadan, it shall not be accepted from him." The same applies to voluntary prayer for someone who owes make-up prayers, as we have mentioned regarding fasting.

Section: There is a difference of opinion regarding the reprehensibility (8) of making up [missed fasts] during the ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah. It is narrated that it is not reprehensible, which is the opinion of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq, due to what was narrated from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that he used to recommend making up Ramadan [fasts] during the ten [days]. This is because they are days of worship, so making up fasts is not reprehensible during them, like the ten days of Muharram. The second view is that it is reprehensible to perform make-up fasts during them. This is narrated from al-Hasan and al-Zuhri, because it is narrated from 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he considered it reprehensible, and because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, than these days," meaning the ten days. They asked: "O Messenger of Allah, not even Jihad in the cause of Allah?" He said: "Not even Jihad in the cause of Allah, unless a man (9) goes out with his soul and his wealth, and does not