usually occurs only after great exertion and severe hardship, and the expenditure of much wealth. Therefore, invalidating them results in the loss of one’s wealth and the nullification of one’s many deeds; and we have been forbidden from wasting wealth and invalidating deeds. However, there is no wealth lost in abandoning I'tikaf after starting it, nor is there any deed invalidated, for what has passed of his I'tikaf is not nullified by abandoning the future I'tikaf. Furthermore, the ritual of Hajj relates specifically to the Sacred Mosque, whereas I'tikaf is the opposite.
527 - Issue: He said: (It is permissible without fasting, unless he says in his vow: 'with fasting'.)
The famous position in the Madhhab is that I'tikaf is valid without fasting. This was narrated from 'Ali, Ibn Mas'ud, Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, Al-Hasan, 'Ata', Tawus, Al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. From Ahmad, there is another narration that fasting is a condition for I'tikaf. He said: 'If one performs I'tikaf, fasting becomes binding upon him.' This was narrated from Ibn 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, and 'A'ishah. This is also the view of Al-Zuhri, Malik, Abu Hanifah, Al-Layth, Al-Thawri, and Al-Hasan ibn Yahya, due to what was narrated from 'A'ishah, from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), that he said: 'There is no I'tikaf without fasting.' Narrated by Al-Daraqutni (1). And from Ibn 'Umar, that 'Umar made a vow to perform I'tikaf during the Jahiliyyah, so he asked the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), who said: 'Perform I'tikaf and fast.' Narrated by Abu Dawud (2). Also, because it is remaining in a specific place, it is not an act of worship by itself, like the standing (wuquf). As for us, we rely on what Ibn 'Umar narrated from 'Umar, that he said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I vowed during the Jahiliyyah to perform I'tikaf for one night in the Sacred Mosque.' The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: 'Fulfill your vow.' Narrated by Al-Bukhari (3). If fasting were a condition, the I'tikaf of the night would not be valid, because it
(8) In M: "'uzma" (great/severe). (1) In: The chapter: 'I'tikaf', from the Book of Fasting. Sunan al-Daraqutni 2/200. It was also recorded by Al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter: 'The person performing I'tikaf fasts', from the Book of Fasting. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 4/317. (2) In: The chapter: 'The person performing I'tikaf visits the sick', from the Book of Fasting. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/576. (3) Its verification has previously appeared on page 457.
يَحْصُلُ فى الغَالِبِ إلَّا بعدَ كُلْفَةٍ عظيمةٍ (٨)، ومَشَقَّةٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، وإنْفاقِ مالٍ كَثِيرٍ، ففى إبْطالِهما تَضْيِيعٌ لِمَالِهِ، وإبْطالٌ لأعْمالِه الكَثِيرَةِ، وقد نُهِينَا عن إضاعَةِ المالِ، وإبْطالِ الأعْمالِ، وليس فى تَرْكِ الاعْتِكافِ بعد الشُّرُوعِ فيه مالٌ يَضِيعُ، ولا عَمَلٌ يَبْطُلُ، فإنَّ ما مَضَى من اعْتِكافِه، لا يَبْطُلُ بِتَرْكِ اعْتِكَافِ المُسْتَقْبَلِ، ولأنَّ النُّسُكَ يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالمسجدِ الحَرامِ على الخُصُوصِ، والاعْتِكافُ بِخِلافِه.
٥٢٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (ويَجُوزُ بِلَا صَوْمٍ، إلَّا أنْ يَقُولَ فِى نَذْرِهِ بِصَوْمٍ)
المَشهورُ فى المذهبِ أنَّ الاعْتِكافَ يَصِحُّ بغيرِ صَوْمٍ. رُوِىَ ذلك عن عليٍّ، وابْنِ مسعودٍ، وسعيدِ بن المُسَيَّبِ، وعمرَ بن عبدِ العزيزِ، والحسنِ، وعَطاءٍ، وطاوُسٍ، والشَّافِعِىِّ، وإسحاقَ. وعن أحمدَ، رِوَايَةٌ أُخْرَى، أنَّ الصَّوْمَ شَرْطٌ فى الاعْتِكافِ. قال: إذا اعْتَكَفَ يَجِبُ عليه الصَّوْمُ. ورُوِىَ ذلك عن ابنِ عمرَ، وابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وعائشةَ. وبه قال الزُّهْرِىُّ، ومالِكٌ، وأبو حنيفةَ، واللَّيْثُ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والحسنُ بن يحيى؛ لما رُوِىَ عن عائشةَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، أنَّه قال: "لَا اعْتِكَافَ إلَّا بِصَوْمٍ". رَوَاهُ الدَّارَقُطنِىُّ (١). وعن ابنِ عمرَ، أن عمرَ جَعَلَ عليه أن يَعْتَكِفَ فى الجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فسَألَ النَّبِىَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فقال: "اعْتَكِفْ، وصُمْ". رَوَاهُ أبو دَاوُدَ (٢). ولأنَّه لُبْثٌ فى مَكانٍ مَخْصُوصٍ. فلم يَكُنْ بِمُجَرَّدِه قُرْبَةً، كالوُقُوفِ. ولَنا، ما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ، عن عمرَ، أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنِّى نَذَرْتُ فى الجَاهِلِيَّةِ أن أعْتَكِفَ لَيْلَةً فى المسجدِ الحَرامِ. فقال النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ". رَوَاهُ البُخَارِىُّ (٣). ولو كان الصَّوْمُ شَرْطًا لمَا صَحَّ اعْتِكافُ اللَّيْلِ، لأنَّه
(٨) فى م: "عظمى".(١) فى: باب الاعتكاف، من كتاب الصِّيام. سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ٢٠٠.كما أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب المعتكف يصوم، من كتاب الصِّيام. السنن الكبرى ٤/ ٣١٧.(٢) فى: باب المعتكف يعود المريض، من كتاب الصيام. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٥٧٦.(٣) تقدَّم تخريجه فى صفحة ٤٥٧.
