single property where the isolation occurred at one of its two ends. If each of them has forty sheep mixed with another property, and they sell them to each other while keeping them mixed, the ruling of mixing is not voided. If one of them buys forty individual sheep with the forty mixed sheep, and mixes them immediately, it is possible that he pays the zakat of mixing, because its year is built (29) upon the year of the mixed [property], and the period of isolation is brief, so it is pardoned. It is also possible that he pays the zakat of an individual, due to the existence of isolation in part of the year.
Section: If a man has forty sheep, and part of the year passes, then he sells some of them as undivided shares during part of the year. Abu Bakr said: The year is interrupted, and they restart the year from the time of the sale, because the year of the purchased half has been interrupted, so it is as if it did not run in the zakat year at all, thus the interruption of the year in the other is necessary. Ibn Hamid said: The year is not interrupted for what remains with the seller, because the occurrence of mixing does not prevent the commencement of the year, so it does not prevent its continuity. Furthermore, if he had mixed with someone else for the entire year, zakat would be obligatory; therefore, if he mixed in part of it with himself, and in part of it with someone else, it is more deserving of obligation. The year of the sold portion was only voided due to the transfer of ownership therein; otherwise, these twenty did not cease being mixed with property that is subject to zakat. Such is the ruling if he marks some of them and sells them mixed. However, if he isolates some of them and sells them, and the buyer immediately mixes them with the first [seller's] sheep, Ibn Hamid said: The year is interrupted, due to the establishment of the ruling of isolation in that part. The Qadi said: It is possible that it is as if he sold them mixed, because this is a brief period. Such (30) is the ruling if the forty belonged to two men, and one of them sold his share to a stranger. Based on this, when the year of the first is complete, he owes half a sheep. Then, when the year of the second is complete, we look at the seller; if he paid the zakat from [property] other than the [sheep] themselves, then there is nothing upon the buyer, because the nisab decreased during part of the year, unless the poor were already participating with them regarding the half that became theirs, in which case the nisab does not decrease, and the second pays
(29) In M: "yubna" (is built). (30) In M: "wa hadha" (and this).
الوَاحِدِ الذى حَصَلَ الانْفِرَادُ فى أحَدِ طَرَفَيْهِ. فإن كان لِكُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما أرْبَعُونَ مُخْتَلِطَة مع مَالٍ آخَرَ، فَتَبَايَعاها، وبقَّياها مُخْتَلِطَةً، لم يَبْطُلْ حُكْمُ الخُلْطَةِ. وإن اشْتَرَى أحَدُهما بالأرْبَعِينَ المُخْتَلِطَة أرْبَعِينَ مُنْفَرِدَةً، وخَلَطَها فى الحالِ، احْتَمَلَ أن يُزَكِّىَ زكاةَ الخُلْطَةِ؛ لأنَّه ينْبنِى (٢٩) حَوْلُها على حَوْلِ مُخْتَلِطَةٍ، وزَمَنُ الانْفِرَادِ يَسِيرٌ، فعُفِىَ عنه، واحْتَمَلَ أن يُزَكِّىَ زكاةَ المُنْفَرِدِ، لِوُجُودِ الانْفِرَادِ فى بعضِ الحَوْلِ.
فصل: وإذا كان لِرَجُلٍ أرْبَعُونَ شَاةً، ومَضَى عليها بَعْضُ الحَوْلِ، فباعَ بَعْضَها مَشَاعًا فى بَعْضِ الحَوْلِ. فقال أبو بكرٍ: يَنْقَطِعُ الحَوْلُ، ويَسْتَأْنِفَانِ حَوْلًا من حِينِ البَيْعِ؛ لأنَّ النِّصْفَ المُشْتَرَى قد انْقَطَعَ الحَوْلُ فيه، فكأنَّهُ لم يَجْرِ فى حَوْلِ الزكاةِ أصْلًا، فلَزِمَ انْقِطَاعُ الحَوْلِ فى الآخَرِ. وقال ابْنُ حَامِدٍ: لا يَنْقَطِعُ الحَوْلُ فيما بَقِىَ لِلْبَائِعِ؛ لأنَّ حُدُوثَ الخُلْطَةِ لا يَمْنَعُ ابْتِدَاءَ الحَوْلِ، فلا يَمْنَعُ اسْتِدَامَتَهُ، ولأنَّه لو خَالَطَ غيرَه فى جَمِيعِ الحَوْلِ، وَجَبَتِ الزَّكَاةُ، فإذا خالَطَ فى بَعْضِه نَفْسَه، وفى بَعْضِه غيرَه، كان أوْلَى بالإيجَابِ، وإنَّما بَطَلَ حَوْلُ المَبِيعَةِ لانْتِقَالِ المِلْكِ فيها، وإلَّا فهذه العِشْرُونَ لم تَزَلْ مُخَالِطَةً لِمَالٍ جَارٍ فى الزكاةِ، وهكذا الحُكْمُ فيما إذا عَلَّمَ على بَعْضِها وبَاعَهُ مُخْتَلِطًا. فأمَّا إن أَفْرَدَ بعضَها وبَاعَهُ، فخَلَطَهُ المُشْتَرِى فى الحالِ بِغَنَمِ الأوَّل، فقال ابْنُ حامِدٍ: يَنْقَطِعُ الحَوْلُ، لِثُبُوتِ حُكْمِ الانْفِرَادِ فى البَعْضِ. وقال القاضى: يَحْتَمِلُ أن يكونَ كما لو بَاعَها مُخْتَلِطَةً؛ لأنَّ هذا زَمَنٌ يَسِيرٌ. وهكذا (٣٠) الحُكْمُ فيما إذا كانت الأرْبَعُونَ لِرَجُلَيْنِ، فبَاعَ أحَدُهما نَصِيبَه أجْنَبِيًّا، فعلى هذا إذا تَمَّ حَوْلُ الأوَّل فعليه نِصْفُ شَاةٍ، ثم إذا تَمَّ حَوْلُ الثَّانِى نَظَرْنَا فى البَائِعِ، فإنْ كان أخْرَجَ الزكاةَ من غيرِ المالِ فلا شىءَ على المُشْتَرِى؛ لأنَّ النِّصابَ نَقَصَ فى بعضِ الحَوْلِ، إلَّا أن يكونَ الفَقِيرُ مُخالِطًا لهما بالنِّصْفِ الذى صارَ له، فلا يَنْقُصُ النِّصابُ إذًا، ويُخْرِجُ الثَّانِى
(٢٩) فى م: "يبنى".(٣٠) فى م: "وهذا".