He said: "Refath is only what is said back to women." In another narration: "What is said of that in the presence of women." All that by which refath has been explained is something the Muhrim should avoid, though it is more apparent regarding sexual intercourse, because of what we mentioned of the scholars' interpretation of it as such, and because it has come in the Book in another place where it was intended to mean sexual intercourse. Allah the Almighty said: "It has been made permissible for you on the night of fasting to have refath with your women" (7). As for fusuq, it is reviling, because of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Reviling a Muslim is fusuq." Agreed upon (8). It is also said that fusuq is committing acts of disobedience; this was narrated from Ibn Abbas, Ibn Umar, Ata, and Ibrahim. They also said that jidal is disputation. Ibn Abbas said: "It is that you dispute with your companion until you make him angry." The Muhrim is prohibited from all of that. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit refath nor fusuq, he exits his sins like the day his mother gave birth to him." Agreed upon (9). Mujahid said regarding the saying of the Almighty: "And no jidal in Hajj" (10): meaning no disputation, and there is no doubt in Hajj that it is in Dhu al-Hijjah. The opinion of the majority is more appropriate.
569 - Issue: He said: "And it is recommended for him to speak little, except for that which is beneficial. It has been narrated from Shurayh that when he entered the state of Ihram, it was as if he were a deaf serpent."
(7) Surat al-Baqarah, 187. (8) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in: The chapter of the believer's fear that his deeds might be nullified without him realizing, from the Book of Faith; and in: The chapter of what is prohibited regarding reviling and cursing, from the Book of Etiquette; and in: The chapter of the Prophet's saying (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Do not become disbelievers after me...", from the Book of Tribulations. Sahih al-Bukhari 1/19, 8/18, 9/63. And Muslim, in: The chapter of explaining the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Reviling a Muslim is fusuq...", from the Book of Faith. Sahih Muslim 1/81. It was also narrated by al-Tirmidhi, in: The chapter "Mahmud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us", from the Chapters on Righteousness; and in: The chapter of what has been said about reviling a believer being fusuq, from the Chapters on Faith. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/152, 10/101. And al-Nasa'i, in: The chapter of fighting a Muslim, from the Book of Prohibition. Al-Mujtaba 7/111, 112. And Ibn Majah, in: The chapter on Faith, from the Introduction; and in: The chapter of reviling a Muslim is fusuq and fighting him is disbelief, from the Book of Tribulations. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/27, 2/1299, 1300. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 1/176, 178, 385, 411, 417, 433, 439, 446, 454, 460. (9) Its chain of narration was previously provided on page 19. (10) Surat al-Baqarah, 197.
فقال: إنَّما الرَّفَثُ ما رُوجِعَ به النِّساءُ. وفى لَفْظٍ: ما قِيلَ من ذلك عندَ النِّساءِ. وكلُّ ما فُسِّرَ به الرَّفَثُ يَنْبَغِى لِلمُحْرِمِ أن يَجْتَنِبَهُ، إلَّا أنَّه فى الجِماعِ أظْهَرُ؛ لما ذَكَرْنَا من تَفْسِيرِ الأئِمَّةِ له بذلك، ولأنَّه قد جاءَ فى الكِتابِ فى مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ، وأُرِيدَ به الجِماعُ، قال اللهُ تعالى: {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} (٧) فأمَّا الفُسُوقُ: فهو السِّبَابُ؛ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "سِبَابُ المُسْلِمِ فُسُوقٌ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٨). وقِيلَ: الفُسُوقُ: المَعَاصِى. رُوِىَ ذلك عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وابنِ عمرَ، وعَطاءٍ، وإبراهيمَ. وقالوا أيضًا: الجِدَالُ: المِرَاءُ. وقال ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هو أن تُمَارِىَ صَاحِبَكَ حتى تُغْضِبَهُ. والمُحْرِمُ مَمْنُوعٌ مِن ذلك كُلِّه، قال النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "مَنْ حَجَّ، فَلَمْ يَرْفُثْ، ولَمْ يَفْسُقْ، خَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِه، كَيَوْمِ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٩). وقال مُجاهِدٌ، فى قَوْلِه تعالى: {وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي الْحَجِّ} (١٠). أى: لا مُجَادَلَةَ، ولا شَكَّ فى الحَجِّ أنَّه فى ذِى الْحِجَّةِ. وقَوْلُ الجُمْهُورِ أَوْلَى.
٥٦٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (ويُسْتَحَبُّ له قِلَّةُ الكَلَامِ، إلَّا فِيمَا يَنْفَعُ، وقَدْ رُوِىَ عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، أنَّه كَانَ إذَا أَحْرَمَ كَأنَّهُ حَيَّةٌ صَمَّاءُ)
(٧) سورة البقرة ١٨٧.(٨) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب خوف المؤمن من أن يحبط عمله وهو لا يشعر، من كتاب الإيمان، وفى: باب ما يُنهى من السباب واللعن، من كتاب الأدب، وفى: باب قول النبى -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "لا ترجعوا بعدى كفارا. . ."، من كتاب الفتن. صحيح البخارى ١/ ١٩، ٨/ ١٨، ٩/ ٦٣. ومسلم، فى: باب بيان قول النبى -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "سباب المسلم فسوق. . ."، من كتاب الإيمان. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٨١.كما أخرجه الترمِذى، فى: باب حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، من أبواب البر، وفى: باب ما جاء سباب المؤمن فسوق، من أبواب الإيمان. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ١٥٢، ١٠/ ١٠١. والنسائى، فى: باب قتال المسلم، من كتاب التحريم. المجتبى ٧/ ١١١، ١١٢. وابن ماجه، فى: باب فى الإيمان، من المقدمة، وفى: باب سباب المسلم فسوق وقتاله كفر، من كتاب الفتن. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٢٧، ٢/ ١٢٩٩، ١٣٠٠. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ١/ ١٧٦، ١٧٨، ٣٨٥، ٤١١، ٤١٧، ٤٣٣، ٤٣٩، ٤٤٦، ٤٥٤، ٤٦٠.(٩) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ١٩.(١٠) سورة البقرة ١٩٧.
