have no opinion that it is [permissible] for him, because Allah the Almighty said: {And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way} (2). And this person is not able (mustati'), and because this is an act of worship that does not admit substitution (niyabah) while one is capable; therefore, it does not admit it while one is incapable, like fasting and prayer. Our evidence is the hadith of Abu Razin (3). Ibn Abbas also narrated that a woman from Khath'am said: "O Messenger of Allah, the obligation of Allah upon His servants regarding Hajj has come upon my father when he is a very old man, unable to remain steady on the riding beast. Shall I perform Hajj on his behalf?" He said: "Yes." This was during the Farewell Pilgrimage. It is agreed upon (4). In a wording by Muslim (5), she said: "O Messenger of Allah, my father is a very old man, upon whom is Allah's obligation of Hajj, and he is unable to sit firmly on the back of his camel." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Then perform Hajj on his behalf." Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about an old man who does not find the ability (to perform it); he said: "He should equip someone to perform it on his behalf." Moreover, this is an act of worship for which, if it is invalidated, an expiation (kaffarah) is due; therefore, it is permissible for the action of someone else to stand in place of his own action, just as in fasting when one is unable, he offers a ransom (fidyah), unlike prayer.
(2) Surah Al-Imran, 97. (3) Its documentation (takhrij) was mentioned previously on page 14. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the obligation of Hajj and its virtue, Chapter on Hajj on behalf of one who cannot remain steady on a riding beast, and Chapter on a woman performing Hajj on behalf of a man, from the Book of Hajj, and in: Chapter on the Farewell Pilgrimage, from the Book of Military Expeditions (Maghazi), and in: Chapter on the beginning of greeting (Salam), from the Book of Seeking Permission (Isti'dhan). Sahih al-Bukhari 2/163, 3/23, 5/222, 8/63. And Muslim, in: Chapter on Hajj on behalf of one who is incapable due to chronic disability, old age, or similar, or due to death, from the Book of Hajj. Sahih Muslim 2/973, 974. It was also reported by Abu Dawood, in: Chapter on a man performing Hajj on behalf of another, from the Book of Rituals. Sunan Abi Dawood 1/420. And al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has been said regarding Hajj on behalf of an old man and the deceased, from the Chapters on Hajj. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 4/157. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on Hajj on behalf of a deceased person who did not perform Hajj, Chapter on Hajj on behalf of a living person who cannot remain steady on a saddle, and Chapter on a woman performing Hajj on behalf of a man, from the Book of Hajj, and in: Chapter on judging by analogy and similitude, from the Book of Judges. al-Mujtaba 5/87, 88, 90, 8/200, 201. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on Hajj on behalf of a living person if he is unable, from the Book of Rituals. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/970. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter on Hajj on behalf of a living person, from the Book of Rituals. Sunan al-Darimi 2/39, 40. And Imam Malik, in: Chapter on Hajj on behalf of one who has someone else perform Hajj for him, from the Book of Hajj. al-Muwatta 1/359. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 1/212, 213, 219, 251, 329, 346. (5) Omitted from [A].
أرَى له ذلك؛ لأنَّ اللَّه تَعَالَى قال: {مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا} (٢). وهذا غَيْرُ مُسْتَطِيعٍ، ولأنَّ هذه عِبَادَةٌ لا تَدْخُلُها النِّيَابَةُ مع القُدْرَةِ، فلا تَدْخُلُها مع العَجْزِ، كالصَّوْمِ والصلاةِ. ولنَا، حديثُ أبى رَزِينٍ (٣)، ورَوَى ابنُ عَبَّاسٍ، أنَّ امْرَأةً مِن خَثْعَمٍ قالتْ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، [إنَّ فَرِيضَةَ اللَّه على عِبَادِه فى الحَجِّ أَدْرَكَتْ أبِى شَيخًا كَبِيرًا، لا يَسْتَطِيعُ أن يَثْبُتَ على الرَّاحِلَةِ، أفَأَحُجُّ عنه؟ قال: "نَعَمْ". وذلك فى حَجَّةِ الوَدَاعِ. مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٤). وفى لَفْظٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ] (٥)، قالتْ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنَّ أبِى شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، عليه فَرِيضَةُ اللهِ فى الحَجِّ، وهو لا يَسْتَطِيعُ أن يَسْتَوِىَ على ظَهْرِ بَعِيرِه. فقال النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "فَحُجِّى عَنْهُ". وسُئِلَ علىٌّ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، عن شَيْخٍ لا يَجِدُ الاسْتِطَاعَةَ، قال: يُجَهِّزُ عنه. ولأنَّ هذه عِبادَةٌ تَجِبُ بإفْسادِها الكَفَّارَةُ، فجازَ أن يَقُومَ غيرُ فِعْلِه فيها مَقَامَ فِعْلِهِ، كالصَّوْمِ إذا عَجَزَ عنه افْتَدَى، بخِلافِ الصلاةِ.
(٢) سورة آل عمران ٩٧.(٣) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ١٤.(٤) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب وجوب الحج وفضله، وباب الحج عمن لا يستطيع الثبوت على الراحلة، وباب حج المرأة عن الرجل، من كتاب الحج، وفى: باب حجة الوداع، من كتاب المغازى، وفى: باب بدء السلام، من كتاب الاستئذان. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ١٦٣، ٣/ ٢٣، ٥/ ٢٢٢، ٨/ ٦٣. ومسلم، فى: باب الحج عن العاجز لزمانة وهرم ونحوهما أو للموت، من كتاب الحج. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ٩٧٣، ٩٧٤.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب الرجل يحج عن غيره، من كتاب المناسك. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٢٠. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى الحج عن الشيخ الكبير والميت، من أبواب الحج. عارضة الأحوذى ٤/ ١٥٧. والنسائى، فى: باب الحج عن الميت الذى لم يحج، وباب الحج عن الحى الذى لا يستمسك على الرحل، وباب حج المرأة عن الرجل، من كتاب الحج، وفى: باب الحكم بالتشبيه والتمثيل، من كتاب القضاة. المجتبى ٥/ ٨٧، ٨٨، ٩٠، ٨/ ٢٠٠، ٢٠١. وابن ماجه، فى: باب الحج عن الحى إذا لم يستطع، من كتاب المناسك. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩٧٠. والدارمى، فى: باب فى الحج عن الحى، من كتاب المناسك. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٩، ٤٠. والإِمام مالك، فى: باب الحج عمن يحج عنه، من كتاب الحج. الموطأ ١/ ٣٥٩. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ١/ ٢١٢، ٢١٣، ٢١٩، ٢٥١، ٣٢٩، ٣٤٦.(٥) سقط من: أ.
