to display fortitude to the polytheists, and that meaning no longer exists, since Allah has banished the polytheists. So why do you say that the ruling remains (3) after its rationale has ceased? We say: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions performed al-raml and al-idtiba’ in the Farewell Pilgrimage after the Conquest, so it is established that it is a confirmed Sunnah. Ibn ‘Abbas said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed al-raml in all his ‘Umrahs and his Hajj, as did Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, and the Caliphs after him. Reported by Ahmad in al-Musnad (4). We have already mentioned the hadith of ‘Umar (5). Once this is established, then al-raml is a Sunnah during the entirety of the three circuits; he performs al-raml from the Stone until he returns to it, and does not walk during any part of it. This has been reported from ‘Umar, [Ibn ‘Umar] (6), Ibn Mas‘ud, and Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them). Al-‘Urwah, al-Nakha‘i, Malik, al-Thawri, al-Shafi‘i, and the scholars of opinion hold this view. Tawus, ‘Ata’, al-Hasan, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, and Salim ibn ‘Abd Allah said: He should walk between the two corners, based on what Ibn ‘Abbas reported, saying: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions arrived in Makkah, and they had been weakened by the fever. The polytheists said: "There comes to you a people who have been weakened by the fever of Yathrib, and they have met with evil because of it." Allah disclosed to His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) what they had said. When they arrived, the polytheists sat in the area adjacent to...