each of them. It also indicates that he does not exit the state of Ihram until after shortening the hair, and this is based on the premise that shortening is a ritual (nusuk), which is the well-known position, so he does not exit the state of Ihram except through it. There is another narration that it is a release from a prohibition, so he exits the state of Ihram by merely performing the circumambulation (tawaf) and the sa'i (the ritual walking between al-Safa and al-Marwah). We will mention that, God willing. If he neglects shortening or shaving, and we hold the view that it is a ritual, then a sacrifice (dam) is incumbent upon him. If he has intercourse before shortening, he owes a sacrifice, and his Umrah remains valid. This is the opinion of Malik and the scholars of the school of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). It has been narrated from al-Shafi'i that his Umrah becomes void because he had intercourse before exiting his Umrah. From 'Ata', he said: He should seek forgiveness from Allah Almighty. Our evidence is what was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, that he was asked about a woman performing Umrah whose husband had intercourse with her before she shortened her hair. He said: "Whoever leaves out something from their rituals, or forgets it, let them slaughter a sacrificial animal" (20). It was said: "She is wealthy." He said: "Then let her slaughter a she-camel." Furthermore, because shortening is not an essential pillar (rukn), the ritual is not voided by neglecting it, nor by intercourse before it, similar to the casting of pebbles (ramy) in Hajj. Ahmad said regarding a man who had intercourse with his wife before she shortened her hair from her Umrah: "She should slaughter a sheep." It was asked: "Is it incumbent upon him or her?" He said: "It is upon her." This is understood to mean that she consented to it. If he forced her, then the sacrifice is upon him. If he enters into the state of Ihram for Hajj before shortening, he has integrated the Hajj into the Umrah, and thus he becomes a Qarin (one performing Hajj Qiran).

Section: Shortening or shaving is required for the entire hair of the head, and the same applies to a woman. This was explicitly stated. Malik holds the same view. From Ahmad, it is sufficient to do some of it, based on the wiping (mash) in purification. Ibn Hamid said the same. Al-Shafi'i said: Shortening three hairs is sufficient. Ibn al-Mundhir chose the view that whatever is covered by the linguistic term "shortening" is sufficient, because the word (21) encompasses it. Our evidence is the statement of Allah Almighty: "...with your heads shaved" (22). This is general in regard to the whole of it, and because