Section: If a man appoints him as a substitute for Hajj and another for Umrah, and they permit him to perform qiran (combining Hajj and Umrah), he may do so; because it is a prescribed rite. If he performs qiran without their permission, it is valid and counts for both of them, and he must return half of the expenses to each of them; because he has made the journey on their behalf without their permission. If one of them permits him and the other does not, he must return half of his expenses to the one who did not permit him alone. The Qadi said: "If they did not permit him, he is liable for everything; because he was ordered to perform a single rite and did not do so, so he was in violation, just as if he were ordered to perform Hajj and instead performed Umrah." Our position is that he performed what he was ordered to do, and he only violated the manner of it, not its essence, so he is like one who was ordered to perform tamattu' and instead performed qiran. If he was ordered to perform one of the two rites, and he performed qiran between it and the other rite for himself, the ruling is the same. The blood sacrifice (dam) for qiran is the responsibility of the deputy if he was not given permission for it, due to the lack of permission for its cause; [and it is their responsibility if they permitted it, due to the presence of permission for its cause] (26). And if (27) one of them permitted it and the other did not, half of the blood sacrifice is upon the one who gave permission, and half of it is upon the deputy.

Section: If he was ordered to perform Hajj, so he performed Hajj, then performed Umrah for himself, or he was ordered to perform Umrah, so he performed Umrah, then performed Hajj for himself, it is valid, and he does not return any of the expenses; because he performed what he was ordered to do exactly as commanded. If he was ordered to enter ihram from a specific miqat, but entered ihram from another, it is permissible; because they are equal in terms of validity. If he was ordered to enter ihram from his home, but entered ihram from the miqat, it is permissible; because it is better. If he was ordered to enter ihram from the miqat, but entered ihram from his home, it is permissible, because it is an addition that causes no harm. If he was ordered to perform Hajj in a year (28), or to perform Umrah in a month, and he did so at another time, it is permissible; because it is generally permitted.

Section: If two people appoint him as a deputy for a rite, and he enters ihram for it on their behalf, it counts for himself, not for them;