whether their rituals took place during the months of Hajj or outside of them. Ahmad explicitly stated this. Al-Athram said: I heard Abu Abd Allah [Ahmad bin Hanbal] asked about someone who entered into ihram for an Umrah outside the months of Hajj, then arrived in Shawwal—should he exit his ihram in Shawwal, or is he considered a Mutamatti'? He replied: He is not a Mutamatti'. He argued using the hadith of Jabir and mentioned its chain of narration through Abu al-Zubayr, that he heard Jabir bin Abdullah being asked about a woman who makes a vow upon herself to perform Umrah in a specific month, then completes it except for one night, and then menstruates. He said: Let her depart. Then let her enter into ihram for Umrah, then wait until she is pure, then let her circumambulate the House. Abu Abd Allah said: So he [Jabir] placed her Umrah in the month in which she first entered into ihram, not the month in which she finished it. We know of no disagreement among the scholars that whoever performs an Umrah outside the months of Hajj, and exits it before the months of Hajj, is not a Mutamatti', except for two anomalous opinions. One of them is from Tawus, who said: If you perform Umrah outside the months of Hajj, then stay until Hajj, you are a Mutamatti'. The second is from al-Hasan, who said: Whoever performs Umrah after the Day of Sacrifice (Nahr), it is a Mut'ah. Ibn al-Mundhir said: We do not know anyone who holds either of these two opinions. As for if one enters into ihram for Umrah outside the months of Hajj, then exits it during its months, the school of Ahmad holds that he is not a Mutamatti'. The same meaning was narrated from Jabir and Abu Iyad. This is the opinion of Ishaq and one of the two opinions of al-Shafi'i. Tawus said: His Umrah is in the month in which he enters the Sacred Sanctuary. Al-Hasan, al-Hakam, Ibn Shubruma, al-Thawri, and al-Shafi'i in one of his two opinions said: His Umrah is in the month in which he performs the circumambulation (Tawaf). Ata' said: His Umrah is in the month in which he exits the ihram. This is the opinion of Malik. Abu Hanifa said: If he performs four rounds of the Tawaf for Umrah outside the months of Hajj, he is not a Mutamatti'. But if he performs the four rounds during the months of Hajj, he is a Mutamatti', because the Umrah became valid during the months of Hajj, evidenced by the fact that if he were to have intercourse, he would corrupt it, similar to if he had entered into ihram for it during the months of Hajj. To our favor is what we mentioned from Jabir, and because he performed a ritual—without which the Umrah is not complete—outside the...