entails the obligation of wealth, so it is not valid from anyone other than a guardian, similar to buying something for him. As for those other than the mother and the guardian among the relatives, such as the brother, the paternal uncle, and his son, there are two views derived regarding them, based on the opinion regarding the mother. As for strangers, their ihram on his behalf is not valid, according to a single view.

The Second Section: Every act that the child is capable of performing himself, he is required to perform, and no one else may act as a deputy for him in it, such as the standing at Arafat, spending the night at Muzdalifah, and the like. Whatever he is incapable of, the guardian shall perform it on his behalf. Jabir said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as pilgrims, and we had women and children with us, so we entered into the state of ihram on behalf of the children. This was narrated by Sa'id in his "Sunan". It was also narrated by Ibn Majah in his "Sunan", saying: We recited the talbiyah on behalf of the children, and we threw the pebbles on their behalf. Al-Tirmidhi narrated it and said: We used to recite the talbiyah on behalf of the women, and throw the pebbles on behalf of the children. Ibn al-Mundhir said: Everyone I have memorized from among the scholars holds the view of throwing the pebbles on behalf of the child who is unable to throw; Ibn Umar used to do that. This was also the view of Ata, al-Zuhri, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. It is reported from Ibn Umar that his young children would perform Hajj, and whoever among them was capable of throwing the pebbles would do so, and whoever was not capable would have it thrown on his behalf. It is reported from Abu Ishaq that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) performed the tawaf (circumambulation) carrying Ibn al-Zubayr in a cloth. Both of these were narrated by al-Athram. Imam Ahmad said: His parents or his guardian shall throw the pebbles on behalf of the child. Al-Qadi said: If he is able to hand the pebbles to the deputy, he should hand them to him; if he is not able, it is recommended that the pebbles be placed in his hand so that he may throw them on his behalf. If he places them in the child's hand, and he throws them, making his hand like a tool, that is good. It is not permissible for anyone to throw on his behalf unless they have already thrown on their own behalf; because it is not permissible to deputize for another while the obligation for oneself remains. As for the tawaf, if he is able to walk, he should walk; otherwise, he should be carried or mounted while tawaf is performed with him, for Abu Bakr performed tawaf with Ibn al-Zubayr in a cloth. Furthermore, because performing tawaf with an adult who is carried due to an excuse is permissible, so it is even more appropriate for a child. There is no difference between the one carrying him being in a state of ihram or being halal (not in ihram) from among those who