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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 144فصل

الترجمة · EN

Section: Whatever stones are in the land that were created within it, or are built upon it, such as the foundations of ruined walls, belong to the purchaser through the sale; for they are part of its constituents, and thus are like its walls, its soil, and the solid mineral deposits within it. Brick is like stone in this regard. If the purchaser was aware of this, he has no option to rescind. If he was not aware of it, and it causes harm to the land and diminishes it—such as rocks that are harmful to the roots of trees—it constitutes a defect, and the purchaser has the choice between rescinding and taking back the price, or keeping it and taking the compensation for the defect, just as with other sold items. However, if the stones or bricks were deposited there for the purpose of being moved away, they belong to the seller, like a treasure, and it is his duty to move them, level the ground once he has moved them, and repair the holes; for it is a harm that occurred due to the restoration of his property, so it was his duty to remove it. If extracting them causes harm to the land, or takes a long time, and the purchaser was not aware, he has the option as we have mentioned, because it is a defect. If there is no harm in moving them, and it is possible to move them in a short number of days, such as three or less, then he has no option, and he has the right to demand that the seller move them immediately, for there is no custom of leaving them there, unlike crops. If he was aware of the situation, he has no option, nor is there any rent due for the time during which they were moved; because he knew of this and accepted it, so it is similar to if he had bought land containing crops. If he did not know, and chose to keep the sold item, is he entitled to rent for the time of removal? There are two views: One is that he is entitled to it, because usufructs are guaranteed against one who destroys them, so he is liable for their equivalent, like the components. Second: it is not mandatory, because when he accepted keeping the sold item, he accepted the loss of the usufruct during the time of removal. If he did not choose to keep it, and the seller said: "I will leave that for you," and it was something whose remaining caused no harm, he would have no option; for the harm has been removed from him.

Section: If there are solid mineral deposits in the land, such as deposits of gold, silver,

الحواشي

(21) In the original: "within it". (22) In the original: "it [masculine] is". (23) Omitted from: M.

العربية (المصدر)

فصل: وما كان في الأرْضِ من الحِجارَةِ المَخْلُوقَةِ فيها، أو مَبْنِيٍّ عليها (٢١)، كأساساتِ الحِيطانِ المُتَهَدِّمَةِ، فهى (٢٢) لِلْمُشْتَرِى بالبَيْعِ؛ لأنَّه من أجْزائِها، فهى كَحِيطانِها، وتُرابِها، والمَعادِنِ الجامِدَةِ فيها، والآجُرُّ كالحِجارَةِ في هذا. وإذا كان المُشْتَرِى عالِمًا بذلك، فلا خِيارَ له. وإن لم يكن عالِمًا به، وكان ذلك يَضُرُّ بالأرْضِ، ويَنْقُصُها، كالصَّخْرِ المُضِرِّ بِعُرُوقِ الشَّجَرِ، فهو عَيْبٌ، ولِلْمُشْتَرِى الخِيارُ بين الفَسْخِ وأخْذِ الثَّمنِ، أو الإِمْساكِ وأخْذِ أرْشِ العَيْبِ، كما في سائِرِ المَبِيعِ. فأمَّا إن كانتِ الحِجارَةُ أو الآجُرُّ مُودَعًا فيها لِلنَّقْلِ عنها، فهى لِلبائِعِ، كالكَنْزِ، وعليه نَقْلُها، وتَسْوِيَةُ الأرْضِ إذا نَقَلَها، وإصْلاحُ الحُفَرِ؛ لأنَّه ضَرَرٌ لَحِقَ لاسْتِصْلاحِ مِلْكِه، فكان عليه إزَالَتُه. وإن كان قَلْعُها يَضُرُّ بالأرْضِ، أو تَتَطاوَلُ مُدَّتُه، ولم يكُنِ المُشْتَرِى عالِمًا، فله الخِيارُ كما ذَكَرْنا؛ لأنَّه عَيْبٌ. وإن لم يكُنْ في نَقْلِها ضَرَرٌ، ويمكنُ نَقْلُها في أيامٍ يَسِيرَةٍ، كالثَّلاثةِ فما دونَ، فلا خِيارَ له، وله مُطالَبَةُ البائِعِ بِنَقْلِها في الحالِ؛ لأنَّه لا عُرْفَ في تَبْقِيَتِها، بخِلافِ الزَّرْعِ. وإن كان عالِمًا بالحالِ، فلا خِيارَ له، ولا أُجْرَةَ في الزَّمانِ الذى نُقِلَتْ فيه؛ لأنَّه عَلِمَ بذلك ورَضِىَ، فأشْبَهَ ما لو اشْتَرَى أرْضًا فيها زَرْعٌ. وإن لم يَعْلَمْ، واخْتارَ إمْساكَ المَبِيعِ، فهل له أُجْرَةٌ لِزَمانِ النَّقْلِ؟ على وَجْهَيْنِ؛ أحدُهما، له ذلك؛ لأن المَنافِعَ مَضْمُونَةٌ على المُتْلِفِ، فكان عليه بَدَلُها، كالأَجْزَاءِ. والثانى، لا يَجِبُ؛ لأنَّه لَمَّا رَضِىَ بإمْساكِ المَبِيعِ رَضِىَ (٢٣) بِتَلَفِ المَنْفَعَةِ في زَمانِ النَّقْلِ، فإن لم يَخْتَرِ الإِمْساكَ، فقال البائِعُ: أنا أدَعُ ذلك لك. وكان ممَّا لا ضَرَرَ في بَقائِه، لم يكنْ له خِيارٌ؛ لأنَّ الضَّرَرَ زالَ عنه.

فصل: فإن كان في الأرْضِ مَعادِنُ جامِدَةٌ، كمَعَادِنِ الذَّهَبِ، والفِضَّةِ،

الحواشي

(٢١) في الأصل: "فيها".(٢٢) في الأصل: "فهو".(٢٣) سقط من: م.

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 144التالي
السابق6·144التالي