the fruit until its suitability appears. Its implication is the permissibility of selling it after its suitability has appeared, and what is prohibited before the appearance of suitability—according to them—is the sale on the condition of leaving it, so it must be that this is permissible after the appearance of suitability; otherwise, the appearance of suitability would not be a threshold, nor would there be any benefit in mentioning it. Furthermore, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) forbade the sale of fruit until its suitability appears and it is safe from blight. His explanation concerning safety from blight points to [the validity of] leaving it, because that which is cut immediately is not feared for in terms of blight, and once suitability appears, it is safe from blight, so it must be permissible to sell it while left [on the tree] because the cause of the prohibition has ceased. Also, because transferring and moving [goods] is necessary for a sold item by the dictates of custom, if one stipulates it, it is permissible, just as if one stipulated the transfer of grain from the seller's property as much as possible. In this, there is a resolution to what they have mentioned.
Section: The Madhhab does not differ that the appearance of suitability in some of the fruit of a palm tree or a tree is considered suitability for all of it, meaning that the sale of all of it is permitted by that [appearance]. I do not know of any disagreement regarding this. Is it permissible to sell the rest of what is in the orchard of that same variety? There are two narrations regarding this; the most apparent of them is its permissibility. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan. From him [Ahmad], there is also: It is not permissible except to sell what has shown its suitability, because that which has not shown its suitability is included in the generality of the prohibition, and because its suitability has not appeared, so its sale without the condition of cutting is not permissible, just as [it would be for] another species, and like that which is in another orchard. The reasoning for the first [opinion] is that its suitability has appeared in its variety within the orchard in which it is located, so it is permitted to sell all of it, like a single tree. Also, because considering the appearance of suitability in all of it is burdensome and leads to shared ownership and the division of hands [control], so it is necessary that what has not shown its suitability from its variety follows that which has, according to what we mentioned regarding that which has been pollinated [partially] and not the other. As for another variety of that same species, the Qadi said: It does not follow it. This is one of the two opinions of the companions of al-Shafi'i. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: That which is similar in its maturation, the appearance of suitability of part of it permits the sale of all of it, and even if the maturation of the rest is delayed by a long delay, the sale is permissible for that which has matured, and it is not permissible for the remainder.
(2) Its source citation was provided previously on page 148. (3) Related by Imam Ahmad in: al-Musnad 6/105, 106. (4) In the original manuscript: "selling all of it".
الثَّمَرَةِ حتى يَبْدُوَ صلاحُها (٢). فمَفْهُومُه إباحَةُ بَيْعِها بعدَ بُدُوِّ صلاحِها، والمَنْهِىُّ عنه قبلَ بُدُوِّ الصَّلاحِ عندَهم البَيْعُ بِشَرْطِ التَّبْقِيَةِ، فيَجِبُ أنْ يَكُونَ ذلك جائِزًا بعدَ بُدُوِّ الصَّلاحِ، وإلَّا لم يَكُنْ بُدُوُّ الصَّلاحِ غايَةً، ولا فائِدَةَ في ذِكْرِه. ولأنَّ النَّبيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- نَهَى عن بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حتى يَبْدُوَ صَلاحُها، وتَأْمَنَ العاهَةَ (٣). وتَعْلِيلُه بأمْنِ العاهَةِ يَدُلُّ على التَّبْقِيَةِ؛ لأنَّ ما يُقْطَعُ في الحالِ لا يُخافُ العاهَةُ عليه، وإذا بدا الصَّلاحُ فقد أُمِنَتِ العاهَةُ، فيَجِبُ أنْ يَجُوزَ بَيْعُه مُبَقًّى لِزَوالِ عِلَّة المَنْع، ولأنَّ النَّقْلَ والتَّحْوِيلَ يَجِبُ في المَبِيعِ بِحُكْمِ العُرْفِ، فإذا شَرَطَه جازَ، كما لو شَرَطَ نَقْلَ الطَّعامِ مِن مِلْكِ البائِعِ حَسَبَ الإِمكانِ. وفي هذا انْفِصالٌ عمَّا ذَكَرُوه.
فصل: ولا يَخْتَلِفُ المذهبُ أنَّ بُدُوَّ الصَّلاحِ في بعضِ ثَمَرَةِ النَّخْلَةِ، أو الشَّجَرَةِ صَلاحٌ لجميعِها، أعْنِى أنّه يُباحُ [بَيْعُ جميعِها] (٤) بذلك. ولا أعلمُ فيه اختلافًا، وهل يجوزُ بَيْعُ سائِر ما في البُسْتانِ مِن ذلك النَّوْعِ؟ فيه رِوايَتانِ؛ أظْهَرُهما جوازُه. وهو قولُ الشَّافِعِيِّ، ومحمدِ بن الحسنِ. وعنه: لا يجوزُ إلَّا بَيْعُ ما بَدا صلاحُه؛ لأنَّ ما لم يَبْدُ صلاحُه داخلٌ في عُمُومِ النَّهْىِ، ولأنَّه لم يَبْدُ صلاحُه، فلم يَجُزْ بَيْعُه مِن غير شَرْطِ القَطْعِ، كالجِنْسِ الآخَرِ، وكالذي في البُسْتانِ الآخَرِ. وَوَجْهُ الأُولَى أنَّه بدا الصَّلاحُ في نَوْعِه مِن البُسْتانِ الذي هو فيه، فجازَ بَيْعُ جمِيعِه، كالشَّجَرَةِ الواحِدَةِ، ولأنَّ اعْتِبارَ بُدُوِّ الصَّلاحِ في الجميعِ يَشُقُّ، ويُؤَدِّى إلى الاشْتِراكِ واختلافِ الأيْدِى، فوَجَبَ أنْ يَتْبَعَ ما لم يَبْدُ صلاحُه مِن نَوْعِه لما بدا، على ما ذَكَرْنا فيما أُبِّر بَعْضُه دُونَ بعضٍ. فأمَّا نَوْعٌ آخَرُ مِن ذلك الجِنْسِ، فقال القاضى: لا يَتْبَعُه. وهو أحَدُ الوَجْهَيْنِ لأصْحابِ الشَّافِعِيِّ. وقال محمد بن الحسنِ: ما كان مُتَقارِبَ الإِدراكِ، فبُدُوُّ صَلاحِ بَعْضِه يجوزُ به بَيْعُ جميعِه، وإنْ كان يَتَأَخَّرُ إدراكُ
(٢) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٤٨.(٣) أخرجه الإمام أحمد، في: المسند ٦/ ١٠٥، ١٠٦.(٤) في الأصل: "بيعها جميعا".